tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-604376696802908112024-03-07T11:18:54.333-08:00Shamsuddin WaheedShamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.comBlogger252125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-25296509242983763122024-02-09T18:32:00.000-08:002024-02-09T18:32:50.524-08:00Importance reflections on worship: a focused vision<p> <b>Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Among the struggles faced by many modern Muslims is keeping up with the rituals of Islam. This is a particularly important issue to discuss for Muslims in the Western Hemisphere and for those who have converted from a Protestant Christian background, a religious tradition that actually places a limited value to ritual.</p><p><br /></p><p>It is our contention that the authentic Islamic activities are quite meaningful, and once understood, will serve as a balancing force for one's life and spiritual fulfillment. It is also our contention that part of the reasons behind the difficulties of the rites is that we end up focusing upon that which is, at best, traditional and optional (i/e. <i>Sunnah/Nafl</i>), to the point where the acts deemed obligatory get drowned out, the person becomes overwhelmed and either experiences a spiritual burnout or gives up totally. </p><p><br /></p><p>Thus, the purpose of this article is to bring our vision to a focus, centering upon key points, and making our rituals sources of peace and contentment. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Aspects of <i>Salaah</i></b></p><p><br /></p><p><u><i>Qiyaam</i> (standing position)</u></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRU2maJsIEACJW1q0QJRgFtk6SsNhGUvxrEa6jJiT20hvp9ZfWMIttOWnZQ4YrtR3i0JHrUhb13DpY5sdjuVZgJDGitrKUZQkBmLIOR0USufjlG72SWfUXbjf3kv8AmYPJytNdoMp-3DSZMkHrAybXnqM7oAduYEbprHpI6ouOqe-Yf39eH27v5XfL5bo/s286/qiyaam%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="191" data-original-width="286" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRU2maJsIEACJW1q0QJRgFtk6SsNhGUvxrEa6jJiT20hvp9ZfWMIttOWnZQ4YrtR3i0JHrUhb13DpY5sdjuVZgJDGitrKUZQkBmLIOR0USufjlG72SWfUXbjf3kv8AmYPJytNdoMp-3DSZMkHrAybXnqM7oAduYEbprHpI6ouOqe-Yf39eH27v5XfL5bo/s1600/qiyaam%20image.jpg" width="286" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The daily prayers are initiated with intention (<i>Niyyah</i>), facing the <i>Qiblah</i> (the prayer direction, being the Ka'bah in Makkah), saying "<i>Allahu Akbar</i>" (God is the greatest) and the recitation which follows.</p><p><br /></p><p>The obligatory text to recite is of course <i>Soorah Al-Faatihah</i>, the opening Quranic chapter. It is an appropriate text to invoke Allah <i>subhaanahu wa ta'alaa</i> on a regular basis. In it, we acknowledge God as being the Most Merciful, seeking Divine guidance and blessings on whatever state of affairs we are experiencing. (#1)</p><p><br /></p><p>The first two<i> rak'ahs</i> (units) of any <i>salaah</i> have not only <i>Soorah Al-Faatihah,</i> but, in accordance with Prophetic tradition, some other Quranic passage as well. For beginners, we recommend any of the short texts, such as among the last three chapters of the Qur'an (<i>Al-I<u>kh</u>laas</i>,<i> Al Falaq</i> and <i>An-Naas</i>). F<b>or all, regardless of where we have started our Islamic journey, I highly recommend using Quranic texts that are meaningful and impactful to you</b>. To accomplish that, one must have a deep connection to the Qur'an, read it often and memorize passages of particular import to you. That process of memorization can then be used inside of the <i>salaah</i> itself. We are also advocating that the meaning of the passages in question be understood by the person.(2)</p><p><br /></p><p><u>Rukoo' and Sajdah (bowing and prostration)</u></p><p><u><br /></u></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_s3PyqscMp2-gkWjYgxdfeShUjBjlHL0bZjbpGxmF6y8BI7lwALYd_Tuh3NIHqhFNOhyEaHimQ4S17_Df3fdOypyERlLAJCCYvX8iNv7Fm4hJEgm0rl29iMookRv4NA5LS1jFkgbiPBdWY_iWMTX2jD05jtKcoGyT37IUsAI3hjDUP1w3uuwz-rjvlY/s282/rukoo%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="155" data-original-width="282" height="155" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEix_s3PyqscMp2-gkWjYgxdfeShUjBjlHL0bZjbpGxmF6y8BI7lwALYd_Tuh3NIHqhFNOhyEaHimQ4S17_Df3fdOypyERlLAJCCYvX8iNv7Fm4hJEgm0rl29iMookRv4NA5LS1jFkgbiPBdWY_iWMTX2jD05jtKcoGyT37IUsAI3hjDUP1w3uuwz-rjvlY/s1600/rukoo%20image.jpg" width="282" /></a></div><br /><u><br /></u><p></p><p><br /></p><p>The bowing and prostration are not only times when the expressions<i> Subhaana Rab-be al 'A<u>dh</u>eem</i> and <i>Subhaana Rab-be al A'laa</i> (Glorified is my Lord the magnificent, Glorified is My Lord the Highest) respectively are recited, but these are also good times when one can invoke God for one's needs. That particular request need not be done in Arabic, and when praying alone, a person can spend as much time in those postures as desired. In particular, the <i>sajdah</i> (prostration) is a place where we are closest to God, at least according to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, upon whom be peace and blessings. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi1tntTzpsvdpugeMFLAyTIgj3yyrXHI5P7W8OxGAPzuJJEkkn45Cdg7hM_2dcCiD4aUVqok1-fUVuxi0CGgiIAuvhaaVbECNi1E4kv8kImsQ41KkQ59IDC6LGI09NK3D9iZ8BLDutiWW7C1MJri4cFgP96Z9JcFMzarHB7uZ9gKIo03nnAUQ50GtfaYg/s265/sajdah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="265" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi1tntTzpsvdpugeMFLAyTIgj3yyrXHI5P7W8OxGAPzuJJEkkn45Cdg7hM_2dcCiD4aUVqok1-fUVuxi0CGgiIAuvhaaVbECNi1E4kv8kImsQ41KkQ59IDC6LGI09NK3D9iZ8BLDutiWW7C1MJri4cFgP96Z9JcFMzarHB7uZ9gKIo03nnAUQ50GtfaYg/s1600/sajdah.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><u>Extended sitting posture <i>(Jalsah</i>)</u></p><p>The normative practice is that a 4–5-line text is recited in the first extended sitting position, a text known as the <i>tashahhud</i>, and that the final sitting posture has both<i> tashahhud</i> and a text invoking Allah to bestow support and blessings to the cause of the Prophet and the entire Muslim community, this text is known as the <i>durood sharif.</i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr2rXORcLTe7VEilbmxfpAbvLDaIYRfJDWW2vB521PiZ9QAzh2JIy-KxzLU724DPnRfR-T-dLLjl-mZCPvDyWHpOus8v-7LfyKqIMQQMS_p3MBCiWxICRVy5FNLSQvTZCDxnZrSEANeM2elwS5ZUymmaZfFtTMZYRQdl-XHhIonj71RpkICsrFZv2zc0Q/s270/jalsah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="270" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr2rXORcLTe7VEilbmxfpAbvLDaIYRfJDWW2vB521PiZ9QAzh2JIy-KxzLU724DPnRfR-T-dLLjl-mZCPvDyWHpOus8v-7LfyKqIMQQMS_p3MBCiWxICRVy5FNLSQvTZCDxnZrSEANeM2elwS5ZUymmaZfFtTMZYRQdl-XHhIonj71RpkICsrFZv2zc0Q/s1600/jalsah.jpg" width="270" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In particular, we have noticed that this text is difficult for many to learn in a timely manner, especially the d<i>urood sharif</i> (which has repeating lines in Arabic). <u>In light of this, and other factors given below, it is our recommendation that in these postures, that the core, central and obligatory factors be zoomed in upon, immediately learned and easily applied. </u></p><p><br /></p><p>The <i>Muwatta of Imam Malik has</i> at least five different versions of the<i> tashahhud</i> recorded, with minor and major wording variations. All of them as well as other versions, have therein the statement of faith acknowledging Allah alone deserves worship, and that Muhammad was the messenger of God. This is what should be zoomed in upon. (3)</p><p><br /></p><p>Similarly, if we were to zoom in on the core meaning of the durood, captured in the Arabic words <i>Allahumma sawlee 'ala Muhammadin wa 'aala aali Muhammad</i>, asking God to bestow support on the Prophet (as a person and as a cause) and upon his followers (the entire Muslim community), it should make things easier. (4)</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><u>Dhikr</u></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjffrLMliWebM8u88b_vGGZYfmg3o4hLHg2S0vjo_TA3-2TQTH8fAghVuiYXeGsdTxSWfEyJOjWLU51y4pn0Ut8pCFkpZw9r2G7GcOXQmHEi6THzILVOQuwpTeYDBJr6iDA_3UNfXbkb6TNM73FnW5fnRpiqlZ0VVgHYtBtKvfn4IeIGzln3mrjdnNy1qo/s292/tasbih%20beads.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="292" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjffrLMliWebM8u88b_vGGZYfmg3o4hLHg2S0vjo_TA3-2TQTH8fAghVuiYXeGsdTxSWfEyJOjWLU51y4pn0Ut8pCFkpZw9r2G7GcOXQmHEi6THzILVOQuwpTeYDBJr6iDA_3UNfXbkb6TNM73FnW5fnRpiqlZ0VVgHYtBtKvfn4IeIGzln3mrjdnNy1qo/s1600/tasbih%20beads.jpg" width="292" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In a ritualistic sense, <u>dh</u>ikr- remembrance of Allah- is conducted using one's finger joints or by use of beads (known as tasbih or <i>misbahah</i>), reciting (either in a low or loud voice) expressions of praise for God (such as <i>Subhaan-Allah, Alhamdulillaah, Allahu Akbar)</i>, selections from the other titles of Allah given in the Qur'an (such as <i>Ar-Rahman, Al-Malik</i>, etc). This is often done after <i>salaah</i>, and it is recognized that it can be done at any time and place.</p><p><br /></p><p>However, it is also true that the Qur'an uses the term in a much more profound sense. </p><p><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اِنَّ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">فِیۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">خَلۡقِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">السَّمٰوٰتِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَالۡاَرۡضِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَاخۡتِلَافِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الَّیۡلِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَالنَّہَارِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span aria-describedby="mui-93071" class="c230" style="background-color: #cccccc; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لَاٰیٰتٍ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لِّاُولِی </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الۡاَلۡبَابِ</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">الَّذِیۡنَ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">یَذۡکُرُوۡنَ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span aria-describedby="mui-48694" class="c230" style="background-color: #cccccc; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">اللّٰہَ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">قِیٰمًا </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">وَّقُعُوۡدًا </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">وَّعَلٰی </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">جُنُوۡبِہِمۡ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">وَیَتَفَکَّرُوۡنَ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">فِیۡ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">خَلۡقِ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">السَّمٰوٰتِ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">وَالۡاَرۡضِ </span></span><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; direction: rtl; line-height: 1.8; pointer-events: none;">ۚ </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">رَبَّنَا </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">مَا </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">خَلَقۡتَ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">ہٰذَا </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">بَاطِلًا </span></span><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; direction: rtl; line-height: 1.8; pointer-events: none;">ۚ </span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">سُبۡحٰنَکَ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">فَقِنَا </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">عَذَابَ </span></span><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c230" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8;">النَّارِ</span></span></span></span></p><p></p><blockquote><p>"Indeed, in the creation of the heavens and the earth and the alternation of night and day are signs for people of discernment, those who remember Allah (ya<u>dh</u>koroona Allah) while standing, sitting, relaxing on their sides, in a state of contemplation regarding the heavens and earth (such people assert) "Our Lord, you have not created (all of) this in vain (<i>baatilan</i>), glorified is you, protect us from the penalty of the fire." ( Q 3:190-191)</p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>Another text famously says, "and the remembrance of Allah (<i>wa la<u>dh</u>ikrullaah</i>) is the greatest source (of inspiration and power)." ( Q 29:45). The context of this verse clearly puts <i><u>dh</u>ikr</i> as the <i>salaah</i> itself. </p><p>These verses should be sufficient to demonstrate that <u>dh</u>ikr is much bigger than a ritual, be it in a solitary or communal fashion. It can happen internally, without any rites per se, yet we freely admit that the rite of <i>salaah</i> as well as traditional <i><u>dh</u>ikr</i> can serve the function of generating awareness of God. </p><p><br /></p><p><u>Du'aa</u></p><p><u><br /></u></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd8gnImRhvIW9OBhPOjsiBwR5F6KXLCUQOJTgCDmIBU97IAKvZKLTVMTG_c07jBwKh7rgqt0D_pl4h9AH80qkd_bDcND3BOa8CI9NxmLYbdMbW2YD1Mem4-X-xBAwgwtTuXgRAycJAVguIHh-yuge8Ln0ppXhokB3rbXCluSvCjtjMlQPbA5ukUiz1KVQ/s292/duaa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="292" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd8gnImRhvIW9OBhPOjsiBwR5F6KXLCUQOJTgCDmIBU97IAKvZKLTVMTG_c07jBwKh7rgqt0D_pl4h9AH80qkd_bDcND3BOa8CI9NxmLYbdMbW2YD1Mem4-X-xBAwgwtTuXgRAycJAVguIHh-yuge8Ln0ppXhokB3rbXCluSvCjtjMlQPbA5ukUiz1KVQ/s1600/duaa.jpg" width="292" /></a></div><br /><u><br /></u><p></p><p>The term du'aa has the meaning of calling and is used in the sense of "prayer" that most westerners would be familiar with. Indeed, <i>du'aa</i> is sometimes translated as "prayer". In a ritualistic sense, we often do <i>du'aa</i> immediately after the conclusion of the<i> salaah</i>. The Qur'an and <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> literature both contain du'aa texts, beautiful and profound content. While we do encourage using these texts in one's calling upon God, we also acknowledge that one can (and should) invoke God with one's own heart, in one's own words, with sincerity, and that such action is beyond legislation. In other words, there are no rules for making du'aa. Traditionally it is done with open hands, with the face being wiped, ending with "ameen", however <i>du'aa</i>, like <u>dh</u>ikr, need not be a ritual either. Yet, we do not see any difficulty in maintaining this action in the normative rite. </p><p><br /></p><p>The <i>du'aa</i> texts of the Qur'an and <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> also have a benefit of teaching us what to pray for, of helping us to zoom in on the priorities. Let us take into consideration some of these texts.</p><p><br /></p><p>" Our Lord, bestow on us that which is pleasant in this world, and that which is pleasant in the hereafter, and protect us from the penalty of the fire." (Q 2:201).</p><p><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">رَبَّنَاۤ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اٰتِنَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">فِی </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الدُّنۡیَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">حَسَنَۃً </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَّفِی </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الۡاٰخِرَۃِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">حَسَنَۃً </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَّقِنَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">عَذَابَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c435" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">النَّارِ</span></span></p><p>This text clearly teaches people of faith to have balance, to seek comfort in this life, while not neglecting the life to come, an existence which is cultivated by virtues such as truth, patience, faith and acting on that faith (Q 103:1-3).</p><p><br /></p><p>"Our Lord, bestow on us mates and offspring who will be a comfort to our eyes, and make us a leader for those with reverence." (Q 25:74) </p><p><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">رَبَّنَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">ہَبۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لَنَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">مِنۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اَزۡوَاجِنَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَذُرِّیّٰتِنَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">قُرَّۃَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اَعۡیُنٍ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَّاجۡعَلۡنَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لِلۡمُتَّقِیۡنَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c640" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اِمَامًا</span></span></p><p>This <i>du'aa</i> teaches us the type of families we should seek, that we should cultivate, long term, our <i>taqwaa</i>. This is also indicated in the normative <i>tashahhud</i> text, which reads, in part "Peace be upon us, and on the righteous servants of God." (<i>As salaamu 'alaynaa wa 'alaa 'Ibaadelaahis saaleheen)</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p>The scholars have posited a number of recommendations when it comes to <i>du'aa,</i> among them is that some expression of praise for God should be made, there be an expression of seeking peace for the Prophet Muhammad, that seeking things which God has forbidden in the Islamic texts is not proper, and that one should pray for others. In other words, we should not be selfish in our du'aa. A beautiful report asserts that the Prophet himself (<i>sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>) asserted that du'aa is the core of worship (<i>Mukhkhul 'ibaadah)</i>, while another says it is-in fact- worship itself. <i>(Ad-du'aa, huwal 'Ibaadah</i>).(5)</p><p><br /></p><p><u>Endnotes</u></p><p>(1) For more on Al-Faatihah, see <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2018/09/al-faatihah-re-examination-halaqah-notes.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Al-Faatihah: a re-examination (Halaqah notes)</a></p><p><br /></p><p>(2) Regular reading of the Qur'an, even in translation, is very beneficial. While I have much of the text committed to memory (for which I am grateful), I only use specific Quranic content in prayers, texts on Divine mercy and the like. <i>I suggest the same approach, use Quranic verses or chapters whose meanings are touching to your own heart.</i></p><p><br /></p><p>(3) Some of the interesting variants include the expression "Peace be on the Prophet" (<i>As salaamu 'alan nabiyy")</i> rather than the usual "Peace be on you, Oh Prophet!" (<i>As salaamu 'alayka ayyuhan nabiyyu</i>..). I prefer the former, which is given in three of the reports contained in Imam Malik's Muwatta (hadee<u>th</u> collection). The Shiites recite a similar <i>tashahhud </i>and <i>durood</i>, but in sequences largely unfamiliar to Sunnis, yet, in all of the variants we find the presence of the necessary elements, acknowledging God and His Messenger, praying for him and his followers.</p><p><br /></p><p>(4) Other titles for the prayer for the Prophet and his followers include <i>Salaat Ibrahimiyya</i>, <i>Salaat 'alan Nabi</i>, and <i>salaatwas-salaam</i>, or simply "salawaat". I have not used those titles so as not to confuse the readers, as "salaah" is the term used for our daily worship. <i>Durood Sharif </i>is the title of the prayer for the Prophet in Urdu/ Farsi languages. For more on the origin and concept of invoking God for the messenger and his followers, see <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2021/03/conception-of-salaat-alan-nabi-in-light.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Conception of Salaat 'alan Nabi in light of the Qur'an and Sunnah</a>.</p><p><br /></p><p>(5) Both of these reports can be found in <i>Bulugh Ul Maram</i>, a hadee<u>th</u> collection by the 14th century scholar Ibn Hajr Al-'Asqalanee. The above mentioned<i> Muwatta</i> of Imam Malik is considered by many scholars, including Shaikh Akram Nadwi, as having a more authoritative status than even the <i>saheehayn</i>, being as it is essentially the first hadee<u>th</u> compilation. Imam Malik Ibn Anas was born in 711CE and it is largely upon his ideas that the Maliki school of jurisprudence is based. Born in the Prophet's city, Madinah, today his school dominates as the legal authority in much of North and West Africa. </p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-40897853784929416772023-12-24T12:36:00.000-08:002023-12-24T12:38:06.009-08:00 REAL LIFE : ISLAMIC GUIDANCE ON TROUBLING ISSUES<p> <b>Introduction</b></p><p>Anyone familiar with Islam as an intellectual tradition will at some point come across collections of <i>fataawa</i> (sing.<i>fatwa</i>), in which the Mufti will provide answers to queries on issues ranging from rituals to business laws. Many works of this genre have survived for hundreds of years, and still provides insights to contemporary readers, such as the famous multi-volume <i>Majmoo' al fataawa</i>, a collection of the opinions of Ibn Taymiyyah ( d.1328). </p><p><br /></p><p>Our intention here is not to provide <i>fataawa</i>, but rather to share succinct suggestions, based upon Islamic texts, on a variety of important issues that are faced by Muslims, in particular in the West Coast region of the United States. Much of the points below are equally relevant for non-Muslims. We are confident that the issues highlighted below, accompanied by answers as based on <i>deen</i>, will prove to be helpful in having a healthy and balanced life.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Intoxicants</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUl4aTuFYQvnhrl4iW7dFCPwSvh3P6TxS-HRgA-QAFqnIe86iAj3NKAvgiwkJahDTO7cQ_Ck-FNVDyYGga0HCjxxCPyumBRbLijcxqdN3F0-IbKdoUsyCGd4ATDobWg3NaZPC5yy6aXb6tbP6bMlOsD9yhLbAqVQOMZX6gOGei3NYD4RVVQt_-AX4Z3bY/s310/drugs%20and%20alcohol.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="165" data-original-width="310" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUl4aTuFYQvnhrl4iW7dFCPwSvh3P6TxS-HRgA-QAFqnIe86iAj3NKAvgiwkJahDTO7cQ_Ck-FNVDyYGga0HCjxxCPyumBRbLijcxqdN3F0-IbKdoUsyCGd4ATDobWg3NaZPC5yy6aXb6tbP6bMlOsD9yhLbAqVQOMZX6gOGei3NYD4RVVQt_-AX4Z3bY/s1600/drugs%20and%20alcohol.jpg" width="310" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>The West Coast generally has a well-known liberal culture, differing in many ways not only from other nations, but regions in the country itself. Thus, it's approach to the consumption of intoxicants has reflected that reality. </p><p><br /></p><p>Alcohol, as well as items such as marijuana (cannabis) and tobacco products generally, although deemed largely socially acceptable, are known to create physical and financial harm. A NEW YORK TIMES article has highlighted this regarding alcohol <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/13/well/mind/alcohol-health-effects.html">Even a Little Alcohol Can Harm Your Health, Research Shows - The New York Times (nytimes.com)</a> </p><p><br /></p><p>Tobacco use is very high, even among Muslims, many of whom have followed<i> fatawaa</i> arguing that it is not technically forbidden (<i>haraam</i>) but rather simply disliked (<i>makrooh</i>). Tobacco is both harmful and addictive, so much so that the manufacturers are required (by law) to list some of those harms on a pack of cigarettes and other products generally. A list of the harms provided by Mayo Clinic <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nicotine-dependence/symptoms-causes/syc-20351584">Nicotine dependence - Symptoms and causes - Mayo Clinic</a> makes the argument that the best treatment is to stop consuming such items. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an has said that intoxicants, defined as that which befogs the mind, has more harm than benefit (Q 2:219) and is a repugnant tool in Satan's hands (Q 5:90). This should be sufficient for us as an alert to abstain from such products, even in (seemingly) "harmless" scenarios. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Gambling</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu-e-ig6WdLmeVwO5T40wgRfZxyiSQv-veDERVpo1A7CdlstkO6nQWOJPhxpPspBzRybt9Q3hm__pLAK9qeqdhwBJjT8mam8voDxXd2QmPFHf-WEeqPirN4ESNvP-9VZF3oX46y9AXgEK-stUyrOHVunzezP2kIP6pcDzGtI_FR2nV0QjI27LGa2TGDHs/s215/gambling%20and%20alcohol%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="215" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu-e-ig6WdLmeVwO5T40wgRfZxyiSQv-veDERVpo1A7CdlstkO6nQWOJPhxpPspBzRybt9Q3hm__pLAK9qeqdhwBJjT8mam8voDxXd2QmPFHf-WEeqPirN4ESNvP-9VZF3oX46y9AXgEK-stUyrOHVunzezP2kIP6pcDzGtI_FR2nV0QjI27LGa2TGDHs/s1600/gambling%20and%20alcohol%20image.jpg" width="215" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Much of the above information on intoxicants can likewise be said of gambling. The AMERICAN PHYSCOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION <a href="https://www.apa.org/monitor/2023/07/how-gambling-affects-the-brain">How gambling affects the brain and who is most vulnerable to addiction (apa.org)</a> has highlighted the problems associated with it, manifested in new avenues of gambling now available. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Quranic verses cited above also have a mention of gambling. It may seem like simply a fun game. but it has long term devastating effects. Qur'an (5:90) says that if we want success (in life), that activity, even with small amounts of money, must be discontinued. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Financial victimization</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT5xKyMeK_SAtd-OiGnifNLeEirK7qfDnlPIKaT8tFIl0QIC9jL_28B93FSCnyZfBLvzKJGZR6vXL5c7UdQ2ORBDhHOcj9g4tqZfrQIUkzm18v2xtOhxtt4BrVj6NQ-e_oXrj_RY-I2ZwQ2AtqtGERst8l4B68_i9vIcxEGDT1XUH1QoEV_BRfBkKkL74/s258/scam%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="258" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgT5xKyMeK_SAtd-OiGnifNLeEirK7qfDnlPIKaT8tFIl0QIC9jL_28B93FSCnyZfBLvzKJGZR6vXL5c7UdQ2ORBDhHOcj9g4tqZfrQIUkzm18v2xtOhxtt4BrVj6NQ-e_oXrj_RY-I2ZwQ2AtqtGERst8l4B68_i9vIcxEGDT1XUH1QoEV_BRfBkKkL74/s1600/scam%20image.jpg" width="258" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>Too often we are hearing of this problem, an issue which can no longer be ignored. The most common form people, (particularly the elderly,) are targeted is that an email, text or a direct message on social media will be received promising heavy financial incentive if they (the victim) agree to "hold" money allegedly found in some exotic location. Once the victim gives their bank details, they end up losing their money, rather than gaining a profit. Some tips on avoiding this problem are found <a href="https://www.8newsnow.com/news/local-news/reports-of-nevada-based-financial-scams-how-to-protect-yourself/">Reports of Nevada-based financial scams: How to protect yourself (8newsnow.com)</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Variants of the same scam include threats via text messages or email or what is commonly called<u> honey traps</u>, in which a person (usually a false identity) will express romantic interest in the victim, create a bond via text or internet communication to the point where the scammer will express a need for financial help, a pattern that continues until the victim is literally drained of their resources. Older men (but also elderly women) are most targeted because of living alone, limited family interaction, and less likely to generate suspicion. Another aspect of this is that victims, once realizing the scope of the deception, are often unwilling to report to the authorities, out of embarrassment and shame. The American Association of Retired Persons have published a very good summary <a href="https://www.aarp.org/money/scams-fraud/info-2019/romance.html">Online Romance and Dating Scams: How to Spot a Scammer (aarp.org)</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Islam has provided a number of tools to limit exposure to dangers posed by such situations. It tells us not to waste our wealth, neither are we to be stingy (Q 17: 26-27), it encourages us to pursue financial security, but not to make it the sole reason of life (Q 2:201, 28:77), not to use wealth for foolish purposes (Q 2:188). If something is too good to be true, it usually is indeed an indication of fraud. The Islamic scriptures clearly is against theft and fraud of all kinds, even stating harsh penalty for such ( Q 5:38, 83:1-6 and many more), thus, we should not be the perpetrators of it either.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Black Magic</b></p><p>There is much which falls under the term black magic, <i><b>but our usage of this term refers to a sort of open or hidden flirtation with the occult</b>. </i>We have addressed this topic in detail <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2022/09/the-intersection-between-occult-and.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: THE INTERSECTION BETWEEN THE OCCULT AND HUMAN LIFE</a> . </p><p>Our view is that such activities, while acknowledging the high probability of fraud and mental health issues present, it is vital for people to stay away from such interest, even if abilities to enter into that realm (for whatever reason) is actually available, because it is entering into a realm that unleashes those forces that are actually beyond our ability to control. Indeed, we are to seek God's presence in these regards, his protection from the entities in that realm (The last 2 chapters of the Qur'an). </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Difficulties in finding a spouse.</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi92H1AonG7N6l8n_YrKKMf3pojdPcbTN-Q_Q-ybOPWozAjJGVJERAE4Ex0PYFs4OTCKvAqd0eC0bUJuX9HCmOGWOlwixMg-LJdd_2CMKGAXhcX-t8yH1qgvQe-0uruPPUKLw00wPVlDIEvNsgCqvz5keD3b_JGoOqWeW8BuXcskfijoURn3AaxTu2vSfg/s283/looking.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="188" data-original-width="283" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi92H1AonG7N6l8n_YrKKMf3pojdPcbTN-Q_Q-ybOPWozAjJGVJERAE4Ex0PYFs4OTCKvAqd0eC0bUJuX9HCmOGWOlwixMg-LJdd_2CMKGAXhcX-t8yH1qgvQe-0uruPPUKLw00wPVlDIEvNsgCqvz5keD3b_JGoOqWeW8BuXcskfijoURn3AaxTu2vSfg/s1600/looking.jpg" width="283" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>This is a serious problem for Muslims in the United States. The concept of marriage (in an American context) is already a failing institution in society as a whole, with a whopping 40%-50% of marriages ending in divorce! For Muslims, the added problem is in finding suitable matches, because of unrealistic expectations, immaturity, cultural differences, or even self-sabotage. </p><p><br /></p><p>It is our view that some alterations in our approach is necessary to remedy this problem. In some environments and contexts, polygamy would have to resorted to. More realistic expectations on the part of men and women alike are likewise required. Entertaining the possibility of relationship outside of one's race or culture is another option. This can admittedly be problematic, but it can be even more problematic when (for example) a second-generation person is paired with a person from back home, having actually two different cultures (despite originating in the same place or sharing the same ethnicity). Moreover, in situations where a<i> wali </i>(guardian, usually a male relative, looking out for the needs of the single female relative) is not available, it actually seems prudent that a woman may have to take the untraditional steps of seeking out a spouse for themselves. </p><p><br /></p><p>Tradition tells us that before <i>nabuwwah</i>, Muhammad was working as an employee of a rich widow named Khadijah. She was older and seemingly well off. It was she, may Allah be pleased with her, who proposed marriage to him. In other words, she expressed initial interest in him. </p><p>Most (Muslim) men working in a professional environment have become accustomed to a behavior and ethic that will rarely pursue a relationship, out of fears of a hostile workplace, in respect to actual company policies, or worrying about harassment charges and the like. Everyone's situation is unique, yet in any case women may need to take the example of Sayyidah Khadijah, <i>Radee Allahu 'anhaa</i>, who saw something of interest in Muhammad. She proposed to him, and he went on, by the grace and design of Allah (S.W.T.) to become the seal of the prophets, <i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>. Thus, it may be necessary for women to be direct in expressing interest when they encounter a potential spouse. It is also important to learn the lessons of the <i>Istikhaarah</i> prayer before seriously embarking on that journey. See <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2022/06/reflections-on-istikhaarah-priorities.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Reflections on Istikhaarah: the priorities of life</a></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Toxic family/surroundings</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIlfascsHWHoQeDSDgaSWmUHltAM913V6-TmTFZjPKUnS1ROS9yItx7qmLGXOURydMVWlix54G_mWcQjfBLpOILhy7WG7fDf3EoD0LgFnQcj32SKWiCXX7wWPoXC3hhnyldkIoe5HC9S6hC3OZJ6rH_7KLvQo4m4JKkgysbxexWyWZ9xS8BBmAqEEYpl8/s293/toxic%20family.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="293" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIlfascsHWHoQeDSDgaSWmUHltAM913V6-TmTFZjPKUnS1ROS9yItx7qmLGXOURydMVWlix54G_mWcQjfBLpOILhy7WG7fDf3EoD0LgFnQcj32SKWiCXX7wWPoXC3hhnyldkIoe5HC9S6hC3OZJ6rH_7KLvQo4m4JKkgysbxexWyWZ9xS8BBmAqEEYpl8/s1600/toxic%20family.jpg" width="293" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>Although now a vogue term, it is appropriate when describing those related by blood, yet are the most destructive. Abuse (both physical and emotional) is rampant, yet it is swept under the rug in the name of family honor. </p><p><br /></p><p>Family is arguably the most important social unit, particularly in Muslim cultures, second only to God, it is meant to be an incubator of love, loyalty and support. It can be reasonably stated that tribe is simply an extension of that network, but what happens when those traits are not present? </p><p><br /></p><p>Similarly, in a (so-called) religious circle, disagreements on theological points can lead to the most extreme conclusions, creating an environment of constant argumentation, or worse yet, when religion is actually used to justify toxicity, such as mentioned above. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an is actually very realistic in addressing this. It says " O believers! Indeed, some of your wives and your children are (actually) enemies to you, thus, be cautious of them"(Q 64:14).</p><p><br /></p><p>The text actually mentions two more items, but the first item is to be cautious (<i>fa-ah<u>dh</u>arhum</i>). This is intentionally vague, in the sense that it clearly allows the reader to figure that out for themselves what "taking caution" means. If family members or so called "friends" and "religious circles" are actually detremintal to your development (for whatever reason), a person (particularly one who has been victimized) had the right to seek out means for protection. If that means to stay away from such environments, limit contact and the like, so be it! The text goes on to say "If you pardon" <i>(wa in ta'foo</i>), meaning that you can understand the situation and chose to pardon, but still take precautions. If a drug addicted relative stole from you, you can chose to forgive, but in the future you would naturally be more careful regarding leaving your valuables in the open! Next, it states "Overlook" (<i>wa Tas-fahoo</i>), to be forbearing, to a point. </p><p><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">یٰۤاَیُّہَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الَّذِیۡنَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اٰمَنُوۡۤا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span aria-describedby="mui-96680" class="c228" style="background-color: #cccccc; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اِنَّ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">مِنۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اَزۡوَاجِکُمۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَاَوۡلَادِکُمۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">عَدُوًّا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لَّکُمۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">فَاحۡذَرُوۡہُمۡ </span></span><span class="c228" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.8; pointer-events: none; text-align: right;">ۚ </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَاِنۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">تَعۡفُوۡا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَتَصۡفَحُوۡا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَتَغۡفِرُوۡا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">فَاِنَّ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اللّٰہَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">غَفُوۡرٌ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c228" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">رَّحِیۡمٌ</span></span></p><p>I understand Q 64:14 as giving choices rather than a sequential mode of action. In other words, a person facing those serious toxic surroundings is being given by Allah options to exercise as the person finds applicable. In these regards, I am actually taking a lead from the views of the great jurist Imam Abu Hanifah (d. 767), who made the same argument regarding Q 4:34. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an (Q 9:107) mentions that an imitation "mosque" set up by hypocrites, those who were actually involved in schemes against the Prophet (upon whom be peace). The Qur'anic revelation instructs the Prophet and the believers generally not to step into such a place, to not stand for prayers in such an environment, as it is better to be in an environment built upon good intentions and a desire for purity and growth (Q 9:108). </p><p><br /></p><p>Thus, be it in a "religious" or familial setting, Islam is clearly stating that we have the right to be in places and surroundings that are conducive for our growth, and that we have the right to make those judgements for ourselves and to take actions to have both personal and spiritual security. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Emotional health</b></p><p>Much of the above can be connected to this issue as well, and while I am not going to comment on medicines prescribed by an authorized professional, I will say that emotional health has strong connections to correct beliefs and spiritual foundation. An authentic spirituality will provide strength in trying times. </p><p><br /></p><p>We have consistently taught that the Qur'anic recitation (particularly of verses that contain words of affirmation), five daily prayers, payment of charity and the like are tools to maintain one's health, but we cannot deny the need to add physical exercise in places where natural beauty is present, occasional entertainment that generates good feelings, and other such activities. More tips are given <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2018/07/mental-spiritual-heath-islamic.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Mental & Spiritual Heath: An Islamic Perspective</a></p><p> It is worth noting that modern life itself produces the foundations for emotional or mental health problems. Issues of poverty, housing, and financial instability are all by-products of a world order which has taught capitalism and individualism, when in reality these are very destructive. Thus, addressing those issues are also helpful in building up one's emotional health. <i>Wa Billaahit Tawfeeq</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-68305056362260851262023-12-13T14:34:00.000-08:002023-12-15T12:14:13.952-08:00Looking Over The Horizon: a glimpse at the methodology we use to explain and apply Islamic teachings<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiAhJvOQ1Twy_cDBXm-IeRaYEfqIPXY45MqQUz0PoieQKzQaNFpF6P4alxIHN7YsVtgY8eV8DR0VvVHJeO1X3YjnUGO8A44VmQY8K0KPRNh7-IfQe0DYS_omKonsioL8YqwgEmWe5PlB0p8WBTI6uJTX1olakZcVWaACt-HIFvWQ-IkNe5yoO428BFPqE/s1920/Horizon%20photo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1080" data-original-width="1920" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgiAhJvOQ1Twy_cDBXm-IeRaYEfqIPXY45MqQUz0PoieQKzQaNFpF6P4alxIHN7YsVtgY8eV8DR0VvVHJeO1X3YjnUGO8A44VmQY8K0KPRNh7-IfQe0DYS_omKonsioL8YqwgEmWe5PlB0p8WBTI6uJTX1olakZcVWaACt-HIFvWQ-IkNe5yoO428BFPqE/s320/Horizon%20photo.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Life is a journey, wherein the traveler has happiness as well as pain, where he or she learns and benefits from the experiences of others. The longer we live, the more opportunities we have to grow, to mature in outlook, and to use that as a means for benefit for self and others. </p><p><br /></p><p></p><blockquote><p>From a religious perspective, the primary purpose of existence is to function in the matter decreed by God, and that function itself delivers benefit to the wider whole. Fossil fuels are the remains of lifeforms long gone, yet our planet is literally powered by the presence of those dead organisms. The Qur'an phrases it in the following manner "And I (Allah) have not created the Jinn nor humanity (for any purpose) except that they worship Me." (Q 51:56).</p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>This term "worship" is <u>not</u> restricted to rituals conducted in an assigned spot at specific times, rather, <u>worship is to function as useful and productive in much the same way as the fossil fuels have done, and we all should invoke Allah to be those who prove to be useful and productive in this world.</u></p><p><br /></p><p>The purpose of this article is to highlight the building blocks of the methodology we employ to explain and how to apply Islamic teachings. This composition is by no means exhaustive, nor does this writer claim immunity from mistakes or faulty conclusions. After all, "perfection is with God alone" <i>(Al Kamaalu lillaahi wahdah</i>), as the expression goes. In short, what we are sharing, and always share (insofar as understanding the faith and its application) is what we see looking over the horizon.</p><p><br /></p><p>It should be noted that the summary below has more relation to application (<i>fiqh</i>) purposes than to theological constructs. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeX9R79nqF-BoR2J2wP8VNAAaxeckqVLVMpzrxC4K2ex_AULpeepBlVhYzRH0IDdLrmTYdQAjLlgDon0lZ3CDiet1hknFM1irUM3zvKQcu-6BwxHT68D5qOUs1C4EuybXAN5x-iZbLmZ7UGIV3P8nPiLj9GT5MvuzPohmZWQmQSYqtDTZGocSoJJyD74Q/s644/horizon%20image%202.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="644" height="149" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeX9R79nqF-BoR2J2wP8VNAAaxeckqVLVMpzrxC4K2ex_AULpeepBlVhYzRH0IDdLrmTYdQAjLlgDon0lZ3CDiet1hknFM1irUM3zvKQcu-6BwxHT68D5qOUs1C4EuybXAN5x-iZbLmZ7UGIV3P8nPiLj9GT5MvuzPohmZWQmQSYqtDTZGocSoJJyD74Q/s320/horizon%20image%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><b>[1] The Qur'an</b></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsHuoO7Z3EMMTTumSQnkvh2CYFLyH72N6cR2FUhmqIyXf1tgdmqNyBmskIkpckJu9aCoiI26zlmvBiFwh1uKnJlxLEP1RCdIj4K4t8oI9B3EpoKnoI4CG3WpBY7zkfqfeRxSWiZOv3qpRfhdjQEwt7eHUkiUQB6zHwUG9m_Eurzes7zenPDgVudgiTlY/s2200/Quran%20being%20taught%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1546" data-original-width="2200" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDsHuoO7Z3EMMTTumSQnkvh2CYFLyH72N6cR2FUhmqIyXf1tgdmqNyBmskIkpckJu9aCoiI26zlmvBiFwh1uKnJlxLEP1RCdIj4K4t8oI9B3EpoKnoI4CG3WpBY7zkfqfeRxSWiZOv3qpRfhdjQEwt7eHUkiUQB6zHwUG9m_Eurzes7zenPDgVudgiTlY/s320/Quran%20being%20taught%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p>The Qur'an is the primary text, seen as the uncorrupted word of God, the final scripture, delivered to the figure referred to as "the seal of the Prophets", Muhammad ibn 'Abdullah, <i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i></p><blockquote>. It's place in Muslim life is beyond question, its value as the preserved scripture with historical validation is similarly above reproach. All Muslims, regardless of cultural or sectarian label, affirm these aforementioned assertions. Moreover, the Qur'anic content is surprisingly general, allowing for application in just about any environment. Regarding its own status, we are told "Say: it is, for those who have faith, a guide, and a healing (source)" " (Q 41:44). </blockquote><p></p><p></p><blockquote>Allah (<i>Subhaanahu wa ta'alaa</i>) has also told the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) " And We (Allah) have been sending down consistently (<i>Nazzalnaa</i>) upon you the scripture as a clarification of all things, a guide. a mercy, and good news for those who submit." (Q 16:89).</blockquote><p></p><p><br /></p><p>Thus, in our methodology, a careful examination of the Quranic text on any given issue is required, particularly <u>social issues. </u></p><p><br /></p><p><b>(2) The Prophetic<i> Sunnah</i></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNCe3qCHzUCqNZCm_JUG2K3qGqkK7n_-Df1IC0QtjmtY0OUi5fxQ8BjHx_l6O9ciO31gItSkUlnsAGXGCfLKKbnY3Vey3Ih-Sj0Df7KE_jWoQVZTPfG15xI141V3lbHnAzS3Hpbu56uLjjCG8lMcVQrDl0VIXzPT8H0CbHX8G8JEUwGIFeltAFr5RC9eU/s276/sunnah%20image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="182" data-original-width="276" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNCe3qCHzUCqNZCm_JUG2K3qGqkK7n_-Df1IC0QtjmtY0OUi5fxQ8BjHx_l6O9ciO31gItSkUlnsAGXGCfLKKbnY3Vey3Ih-Sj0Df7KE_jWoQVZTPfG15xI141V3lbHnAzS3Hpbu56uLjjCG8lMcVQrDl0VIXzPT8H0CbHX8G8JEUwGIFeltAFr5RC9eU/s1600/sunnah%20image.png" width="276" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>We would be remiss without consultation with the tradition of the Prophet. Indeed, to him the Qur'an was revealed, and it was he who taught not only the text but the way by which the text was to be applied. The reports of his statements, actions, even tacit approvals, are recorded in<i> hadee<u>th</u></i> literature. The <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> literature is vast, it is comparable to bits of data, entered into files, placed under analysis, categorized and referenced as needed. </p><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><blockquote><br /></blockquote><p></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote><p></p></blockquote></blockquote><blockquote><p></p><p></p></blockquote><p> Because the hadee<u>th</u> literature is so vast, traditionally the investigation and referencing of that genre has been limited to specialists in this particular field. We agree with this approach, and advocate that the general body of Muslims own books such as <i>The Forty Hadeeth </i>(An-Nawawi) or<i> Riyaadhus Saaleheen</i> (Gardens of the Righteous), as works like this have largely useful and non-controversial narrations, however the vaster works should be read by specialists. To use an analogy, <u>the Medical Doctor has the right to own and research complicated medical texts because of their training, whereas a novice would consult the same works and become confused. </u></p><p>In answering queries, we do refer to the reported words of the Prophet when needed, and we keep in mind that the words and actions recorded have a context often unique to the Prophet's time and place, as well as the principle that <u>the most important tradition of his to follow is that which provides guidance, particularly in worship and ethics, known as <i>Sunnat al Hudaa</i>. </u></p><p><br /></p><p>We keep in mind that the words and actions recorded in the hadee<u>th</u> literature are to be in conjunction with the Qur'an, either in word or spirit, that those words must not overthrow well-established Islamic principles, must not contradict known historical facts or scientific data. While this is not the place to get into a discussion on the traditional methods of<i> hadeeth </i>verification (<i>'Ilmul hadee<u>th</u></i>, <i>'Ilm ar-rijaal</i> etc), understand that it is consulted and referenced in addressing queries. </p><p><br /></p><p>(<b>3) The schools of thought (<i>Ma<u>dh</u>aahib</i>)</b></p><p><br /></p><p>We do address specific questions with reference to the schools of thought when applicable. After all, most Muslims have grown up in a family or society, so it makes sense to use this as a source, and comparison or deriving rulings from other schools when needed. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>(4) Local or personal needs/dynamics</b></p><p><br /></p><p>In a Western context, this reality cannot be ignored, and it is the strongly held view of this writer that often the answers given by the scholars are lacking cultural or situational awareness. Convert sisters' marriages with non-Muslim husbands get broken up because they have been told "it's now <i>haraam</i>," without even a chance to address the issue, families become disturbed because the Muslims are told by the scholars not to have thanksgiving or Christmas dinners with non-Muslims, leading to a host of other negative consequences. </p><p><br /></p><p>The social sciences, personal and societal history and overall needs all must be kept in mind when giving advice on the methods of practicing and applying Islam. </p><p><br /></p><p>(<b>5) Liberal Or Conservative Islam ?</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Our approach towards the application of Islam is often described as "liberal". While I understand the reasons behind this perception (ft.1), I attempt to follow the model of Prophet Muhammad-peace and blessings of God be upon him- who was described by his companions as "a teacher that makes things easy "(<i>Mu'alliman Muyassira</i>) when addressing the religious needs of those who consult with me. </p><p><br /></p><p>Thus, I see myself as a Muslim, trying my best to understand and apply Islam in the world circumstances we face. I try to give advice based on the Qur'an, Sunnah, and the overall needs of people. </p><p><br /></p><p>I believe that Islam is Allah's guidance for all mankind, at least for those who are willing and able to embrace it, and I believe further that the <i>deen</i> is not as hard as people think it is. I do not water down the faith, and I share what I believe is authentic, true and beneficial. May Allah give us all guidance and a firm stance on what is correct, may He correct our faults. Ameen.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Footnote</b></p><p>(1) The main reason behind this perception (I assume) is that my Islamic academic background has been associated with other teachers deemed "liberal", as well as a look of a "normal guy". </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-72420968890664592272023-12-12T16:07:00.000-08:002023-12-12T17:14:02.966-08:00The arena of Ikhtilaaf: An introduction to the reasons behind different conclusions <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzsR8_vXqm6G73VbHyzO5Nax630tYpw2OItScM2Yn8koMBQOBKctamdi7XlWmvi7c32oHcSNv5bte6gj31CLDY4dakfODvT6sbaldYTiigpx2TBp63Z6UZG82Gkl2ztXalgWPHXFWPOvsFtUQkMgl39iZwpoeG3IhShKWAbcdYiiEqJKHHD2VhSoRu-Gk/s300/ikhtilaaf%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="168" data-original-width="300" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzsR8_vXqm6G73VbHyzO5Nax630tYpw2OItScM2Yn8koMBQOBKctamdi7XlWmvi7c32oHcSNv5bte6gj31CLDY4dakfODvT6sbaldYTiigpx2TBp63Z6UZG82Gkl2ztXalgWPHXFWPOvsFtUQkMgl39iZwpoeG3IhShKWAbcdYiiEqJKHHD2VhSoRu-Gk/s1600/ikhtilaaf%20image.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><div>The self-image Muslims hold regarding the <i>deen</i> of Islam is that it is perfect, it contains clarity and a firm answer to all things. This assessment is largely true, in the extent that the foundational texts, doctrines and practices are universally accepted among Muslims (in stark contrast to that found in other religious traditions), and that even in secondary or peripheral matters, there is general agreement. </div><div><br /></div><div>Thus, it comes as a surprise when we encounter others whose views or practices differ from ours! For scholars, the term<i> i<u>kh</u>tilaaf </i>(from the root<u> <i>kha</i></u><i>-la-fa </i>meaning "he was behind" or "He was different") is often employed, as well as another derivative term <i><u>kh</u>ilaaf</i>. <i>"I<u>kh</u>tilaaf</i>" ("Having differences") is an expression used in everyday speech typically with a negative connotation (although it does not necessitate that it be seen that way) while <i><u>kh</u>ilaaf </i>is usually applied as simply noting a difference of opinion.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Below we have highlighted some of the reasons behind the existence of differences among Muslims, both in a scholarly context as well as outside of that arena. It should be noted that the primary focus of this list is on legal conclusions (i.e. <i>fiqh</i>), with little impact on theological matters (<i>'aqeedah</i>). </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>(1) All Muslims have same primary sources (Qur'an and Prophetic <i>Sunnah</i>) for <i>fiqh</i> but differ in methods of application of legal minutiae. </b></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>The entire <i>ummah</i> accepts the primacy of the Book of God in theory, yet in practice the schools of thought <i>(Ma<u>dh</u>aahib</i>, in both the Sunni and Shiite worlds) have developed readings and principles for interpreting (with legal application) the text in different ways. A famous example is that of the end of Q 4:43, which speaks of the necessity of renewing one's state of ritual purity (a necessity for<i> salaah</i>) when having "touched women". Three of the four schools among Sunnis understand this to refer to sexual intercourse, meaning that a bath <u>(<i>gh</i></u><i>usl</i>) must be done before offering prayers. The <u>Sh</u>afi'ee school, however, while agreeing on the need for a bath after intimacy and before <i>salaah</i>, takes it a step further. <u>Their interpretative method takes the term "touch" in a literal way</u>, that <u>any</u> skin contact with the opposite sex annuls one's state of purity, regardless of circumstances. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Taking just this one example, we can see the implications in how Q 4:43 has been practically applied. In places where the<u> Sh</u>afi'ee <i>ma<u>dh</u>-hab</i> dominates (such as Far East Asia and East Africa), interactions with the opposite sex (wherein touching may occur) is limited. Even for those who shake hands with the opposite sex may wear gloves! If a Muslim from a <u>Sh</u>afi'ee region moves or works in a Hanafi region, they find a different practice and attitude on this.</div><div><br /></div><div>Similarly in prayers, the Shafi'ees have the practice of making <i>Du'aa Qunoot</i> (ft.1) in the <i>fajr</i> prayer. This is based on some reports in the hadee<u>th</u> literature <i>(Saheeh Al Bu<u>kh</u>ari)</i> that assert the Prophet <i>( Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>) did this. The other schools within the Sunni community do not see that report as reflecting normative Prophetic practice, they say he did it only in a war context, in a very limited fashion, thus, the other schools do not include it in their Fajr prayers. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>In the philosophical realm, the usage of hadee<u>th</u> also finds different levels of application. The Hanbali school (which is the de-facto legal school of the Salafi movement) has no problems using a weak report (<i>hadee<u>th</u> da'eef</i>) as a source of evidence to built a legal precedent, so long as one of the report's narrators were not deemed a known liar <i>(ka<u>dh</u>-<u>dh</u>aab</i>) or violator of Islamic norms and values (<i>faasiq</i>). The Hanafi school has more reliance on the Qur'an, to the point where they will see a solitary Quranic verse as having more value than the reports in the hadee<u>th</u> literature. Thus, when we read in the scripture that we should be quiet and listen to the Quranic recitation (Q 7:204), the Hanafi school uses this verse to support the practice of NOT saying <i>"Aameen</i>" outload after the recitation of <i>Soorah Al-Faatihah</i> in prayers. (see ft.2 and 3).</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>(<b>2) Cultural foundations influencing perceptions of how textual application should happen</b></div><div><br /></div><div>It is natural for people, both scholars and non-scholars alike, to understand religion, texts and other issues in light of how they have been raised and taught. </div><div><br /></div><div>However, it is important, especially for the religious functionaries, teachers, scholars and the like, to grow beyond those limitations, especially when dealing with others from outside those sets of experiences. While there is a great deal of cultural similarities among Muslims globally, there are differences that can impact how the faith is applied and cause some levels of arguments and commotion. All Muslims have traditionally agreed upon the obligation for women to wear modest clothing, including the headscarf (ft.4), yet we find that the cultural foundations can be misplaced. Some argue that bright-color Hijabs (scarves) and dresses are forbidden. This is a cultural view, not one which is supported by the Quranic texts nor the Prophetic <i>Su<u>nn</u>ah</i>!</div><div><br /></div><div>North American culture associates pink, purple and orange as colors women wear, and thus, men don't tend to use these colors in their clothing. Yet, these colors are worn in abundance by Muslim men in West Africa! In other words, cultural attitudes have an impact on perceptions, and those perceptions must be altered in some form when dealing with an outside culture!</div><div><br /></div><div><b>(3) The ones providing answers looking at the same issue from an angle apart from another person</b></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Again, this is natural. After all, one person-regardless of intelligence and education, cannot see all. As Muslims, we are taught that God Alone sees and knows all. The scholars and Imams can (and will) come to different conclusions as a result of these realities. The best we can do is try our best to understand and apply the religious teachings in accordance to our own circumstances, and thereafter have trust in Allah. <i>Wa Billaahit Tawfeeq</i>.</div><div><br /></div><div><b>Footnotes</b></div><div><br /></div><div>(1) The process of <i>Du'aa Qunoot</i> for the Shafi'ees is that after the <i>rukoo'</i> (bowing) in the second<i> rak'ah,</i> one raises the hands and recite the <i>du'aa</i> loudly. It can be short or long, its wording derived from the texts (of Qur'an and hadee<u>th</u>) or one's own chosen wording. </div><div><br /></div><div>(2) The practice of saying "Aameen" after Al-Faatihah in the prayer derives from the <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> literature, one of the reports having the Prophet say that if the (recitation of) <i>Aameen</i> coincides with the recitation of the same expression by the angels, God bestows forgiveness on such people. The Hanafis, while not rejecting these reports, interpret them in light of Q 7:204, and thus, recite it silently (<i>sirri</i>). </div><div><br /></div><div>(3) The Shiites' perspective is that the reports mentioned in footnote 2 (reported by Abu Hurairah, whom Shia sources tend to distrust) are in fact not prophetic at all but are rather innovations borrowed from Jewish practices. Thus, they don't recite "aameen" after<i> Al-Faatihah</i> during<i> salaah</i>, neither aloud nor silently. Yet, in individual or collective <i>du'aa</i>, they will say "<i>aameen</i>" to end the supplication, just as Sunnis do.</div><div><br /></div><div>(4) In recent years there has been a questioning of the legitimacy of the head covering for women. In our view, such rejection is unjustified. In any case, any clothing (regardless of style or origin) that displays modesty and covering of what Islam has stated should be covered is acceptable by the religious standards. A discussion on this issue can found elsewhere on this blog. <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2017/09/can-modesty-and-exhibition-coexist.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Can Modesty and Exhibition coexist? Thoughts on the first Hijabi supermodel</a></div><div> </div>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-39236911323386930382023-11-16T10:51:00.000-08:002023-11-16T10:51:13.699-08:00Interfaith fall forums 2024- The Open Forum<p> Note:</p><p>Below is a link as well as timestamps for the Interfaith Council of Southern Nevada's forum, in which I was a presenter. In addition to the video and timestamps, the entirety of my intended presentation (cut short because of time restrictions) is shared within this post.</p><p><br /></p><p>Timestamps:</p><p><br /></p><p>0:33 Marvin Gowryn remarks</p><p>3:20 Moderator's welcome (Ellie Rouhani)</p><p>10:50 Scientology center introduction</p><p>15:00 Moderator's instructions</p><p><u>Presentations</u></p><p>18:44 Donna Mead (Pagan)</p><p>26:46 Deacon John Nixon (Greek Orthodox)</p><p><br /></p><p>34:06 Imam Shamsuddin Waheed (Islam)</p><p>42:05 Dr. Thomas Selover (Unification church)</p><p>49:51 Rev. Laura Hallett (Religious science)</p><p>57:42 Rev. Joan Roeschke (Scientology)</p><p>103:35- Q and A session</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oQChbQx1IcI">Click here to view forum video</a><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuj99QQg7FUXvCZQ6mtpX4RTyI5e-zhdK2E7pi7eOrYDT7g_Bv7sf7HPqN14pj20zhScGrHXY7aNC9SYl1yyLtEkvzMKfjAzZ4CXF3KVsEfkZ60qYHTfBuJPcpwz2SOna-ug13lLnOYWuykNLmvB7ZfSsgT2leN36tUoFzlACg1NpZ5ViMmupDyNrr1IA/s1080/facebook_1700160349934_7130989356371879120.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1080" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuj99QQg7FUXvCZQ6mtpX4RTyI5e-zhdK2E7pi7eOrYDT7g_Bv7sf7HPqN14pj20zhScGrHXY7aNC9SYl1yyLtEkvzMKfjAzZ4CXF3KVsEfkZ60qYHTfBuJPcpwz2SOna-ug13lLnOYWuykNLmvB7ZfSsgT2leN36tUoFzlACg1NpZ5ViMmupDyNrr1IA/s320/facebook_1700160349934_7130989356371879120.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><u>My full presentation</u></div><div><br /></div><div><p class="MsoNormal">Open forum presentation 11/12/23 Las Vegas, Nevada<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Good evening! I am honored to be here for the Interfaith
council of Southern Nevada’s annual panel discussion. WE are to share a bit of
our faith that may not be properly understood or widely known, and to
accomplish this, we have to understand that “Islam” is nothing more than an
Arabic word which means to submit or surrender to God’s will. The one who does
this action of submission is called a “Muslim”. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thus, it is appropriate to call Jesus a Muslim, to call
Abraham a Muslim, to call Moses a Muslim. Yes, the format of their rituals,
their expression and their laws differed from the Muslims of today, but they
nonetheless submitted to God’s will. Our belief is that the process of prophet
and scripture sending finds its conclusion with the Qur’an coming forth to
Muhammad, who is called “The seal of the Prophets”.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The laws and doctrines of that which came to Muhammad are
rational, logical, and fit within any environment or context. A summary of all
of this is as follows. (five pillars) (1) Belief in the One and Only God, and
that Muhammad was a messenger of God. (2) daily prayers. (3) Regular charity.
(4) Fasting in Ramadan, if health conditions allow. (5) Pilgrimage to Makkah,
if health and financial conditions allow. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The beliefs are summarized in “articles of faith” (1) God
(2) Angels (3) Scriptures: signifying Divine communication. (4) Messengers. (5)
Judgement day. (6) That the limitations of existence, both good and bad,
emanate within God’s rules. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">These actions and beliefs give Muslims strength. Islam is
the fastest growing religion in the world, and
a <b>Pew Research Centre</b> report
asserts that by 2070, it will be the largest religion in the world. The strengths of Islam include an easily
understood theological foundation, firm morals yet flexibility in its
application. It values marriage, family, care for the poor, education, and
clean living. For examples of flexibility, we can look at the dietary code and
daily worship. Pork is famously not allowed on the dinner-plate, yet the Qur’an
itself allows it if under starving conditions. Similarly, we are to offer
prayers five times daily, preceded with a washing, and the prayer itself having
standing, bowing and prostration, yet the washing can be dispended with if
water is unavailable by simply a rubbing of soil, and the prayers can be
shortened in length and combined with other prayers when conditions such as
traveling and combat are present.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some fun facts include the following: Jesus is revered in
Islam; he is mentioned by name 25 times in the Qur’an. However, we don’t follow
the idea that he was in fact God or part of a trinity. Only God can be God, God
has no partner. Moses is also in the Qur’an, details on his life and mission
form a great deal of the Quranic content, even more than the life of Muhammad
the Prophet. Our custom is to say “peace be upon him” after the names of all of
the prophets, not just the Prophet Muhammad.
Another fun fact is that Muslims can overcome cultural and racial
divisions and form healthy communities with ease. Our mosque, Masjid Ibrahim of
Las Vegas, proudly has a minimum of 9 different ethnic groups forming the
community. It is the Prophet Muhammad
who said that there is no virtue in being white as opposed to black or arab as
opposed to not being an Arab. He said the only criteria for virtue is one’s
awareness of God. All of the Islamic
guidelines are present for human safety and happiness.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Islam is very practical, yet widely misunderstood. One issue
is that of <b>Jihad</b>. It is true that
Islam is<u> not a pacifist faith</u>, yet jihad does not mean “holy war”.
Rather it means “struggle” and the term is used in both military and non-
military context within the Islamic texts. The Islamic rules of war are very
clear, it forbids the targeting of civilians, and war itself is deemed a last
resort. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Islam also delivers the ultimate liberation of women, both
sexes have natural and cultural functions. The 4<sup>th</sup> chapter of the
Qur’an is entitled “women”, and, contrary to popular assertion, gives
inheritance rights and freedom of marriage choice. I am proud to note that our
mosque founder is the 1<sup>st</sup> woman to initiate construction of a mosque
in the USA, her name is Sharaf Haseebullah, who is present this evening.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The primary sources of Islam are the Qur’an, God’s words, as
delivered over a 23 year period, something which happened over 1400 years ago,
and the words, actions of the Prophet Muhammad. His words are recorded in
sources called the <i>hadeeth literature</i>.
This literature is NOT considered sacred, but it is nonetheless important. The
format for matters such as the daily prayers come to us from Muhammad, as
recorded in that literature. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I would like to share one more relevant teaching from the
Qur’an. It tells us to respect our parents, even if they are not believers. It
says not to follow them if they attempt to impose on us incorrect notions. Yet
we are still to be with them in this world. <i>Wa
Saahib-humaa fid dunya Ma’roofa</i>. This fact alone should be sufficient to
prove that Islam is not some violent force out to destroy everything. It
teaches respect, love and compassion. <o:p></o:p></p></div><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com18tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-6724673055481729512023-11-02T17:44:00.001-07:002023-11-06T14:41:35.015-08:00Are arguments actually worth it? <p> In generations past, disagreements would occur between people facing each other, or at least via a telephone or even a letter. These incidents could be simple political or social differences being voiced loudly between family and friends, or on personal grievances and religious dogmas. </p><p><br /></p><p>In today's world, this has "evolved" into posts online (with the plethora of platforms available), in which a person can take an anonymous identity, pretend to be someone else, engaging people with a viciousness that would more than likely not be visible if the parties concerned actually met face- to- face. Strangers can find ways to violate the privacy of their interlocutors, hacking into their medical or financial records, and even "dox" their ideological foes. If that was not bad enough, universities, companies and governments can (and often do) penalize individuals for expressing views contrary to their own, and, worse still, pressure individuals to vocalize "official" positions. The whole idea of freedom of thought and political expression drowns in a sea of water released by those who truly believe in a world-order that would make George Orwell cringe! We have seen this repeatedly in Western nations in the wake of recent Middle East violence. Comedians, musicians and a host of other non-political actors under pressure illustrate this very well.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Arguing with the stubborn</b></p><p>While some certainly have financial incentives to engage in arguments online, others do so out of a seemingly genuine conviction that their assertions are true, despite a plethora of evidence to the contrary. In the real world, we may end up in cycles of arguments with colleagues, relatives and even neighbors. The digital realm offers a certain amount of freedom of expression not experienced in the real world, especially with the ability to adopt nicknames and disguising of one's identity, yet there are also the dangers of inciting negative emotions in face-to-face encounters.</p><p><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" face="Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c236" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;"> </span></span><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" face="Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c236" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَّاِذَا </span></span><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" face="Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c236" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">خَاطَبَہُمُ </span></span><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" face="Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c236" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الۡجٰہِلُوۡنَ </span></span><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" face="Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c236" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">قَالُوۡا </span></span><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" face="Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c236" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">سَلٰمًا </span></span></p><p>The Qur'an says "and when the ignorant address you, say "peace"" (Q 25:63). The term "ignorant" (<i>Al-Jaahiloon</i> in this particular verse) has the following relevant meanings (1) Having qualities that do not demonstrate tolerance, intelligence and forbearance) (2) Lack of information and insight on the particular subject. (3) Behavior and disposition that does not display maturity. The English term <i>stubborn</i> can be seen as an equivalent for the Arabic term <i>Jaahil</i>!</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Arguing with the intelligent</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Engaging with an intelligent interlocutor can have its rewards, such as them having the capacity to see your viewpoint (and you theirs), sharpening the presentation, and coming to a mutual understanding and positive conclusion. However, even with this, it can delve into name-calling, emotional tirades and inappropriate retaliation. We must also recognize that those we may deem intelligent opponents also can operate from an insincere agenda, perhaps to provoke you into a statement or an action that would lead to unnecessary problems. Others may want to distract you from engaging in productive work. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an does say "Do not debate with people of scripture, except in ways that are best, unless it is with those among them who do injustice and say, "We believe in what has been sent to us, and what has been sent to you, our god and your god is one (and the same), and we are submissive to Him."{Q 29:46). This shows us that we should try to find common ground when we deliver our presentation. </p><p><br /></p><p>Qur'an has also told us not to ridicule the idols of the idolaters (Q 6:108) and not to engage with those who are making fun of us, at least until they turn to another subject (Q 4:140). These guidelines help us to maintain mutual respect in any discussion. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p>Arguing just for the sake of arguing is largely unproductive. It wastes time and energy. If arguments are entered into, it should be with the right people, at the right place and the right time. We should share correct information when it is appropriate and do what we can to dispel slanders and false news. The workplace may not always be the best place to do that, and emotional replies tend to not produce positive results. </p><p><br /></p><p>When we do engage with those with different beliefs (be they political, religious or other), we should present well, with evidence and logic, yet. be prepared that for whatever reasons, they may leave the discussion with the same views that they entered into it. The Qur'an itself gives an entire chapter in recognition of this fact, ending with the words to those with differing theology "To you be your way (<i>deen)</i> and to me my way." (Q 109:6)</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-72126515105713960832023-09-23T16:19:00.001-07:002023-09-23T16:59:26.157-07:00The misled and misleading: Some reflections on the "guides" in today's world<p> <b>Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>There are a number of statements of the Prophet Muhammad (<i>sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>), as reported in the <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> literature, that speak on the dangers posed by corrupt leaders in the latter times (<i>A<u>kh</u>ir uz zamaan</i>). While it is true that a number of them are clearly (when studied contextually) making reference to political or secular figures, there are others which illustrate that the religious scholars are the objects of discussion!</p><p><br /></p><p>Thus, while the below may indeed have application to the secular figures, our primary focus is the religious leadership, which are usually self-appointed, delusional and prone to dangerous, harmful activities. Tradition ascribes the twin attributes of "misled, misleading" <i>(Daal wa Mudill</i>) to such folks. </p><p><br /></p><p>With the advent of the internet, coupled with the emergence of affordable video streaming services, a brick-and-mortar headquarters are no longer necessary. With a little bit of technical savvy, background (which no longer need to be physical, it can all be done using technology) and charisma, a voice can obtain millions of views and followers, generate wealth, all the while delivering incorrect or useless information.</p><p><br /></p><p>Below, we will look at some examples of this rather sorry spectacle, as well as relevant Islamic information that will deliver us proper guidance. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>(1) The Unqualified Imam</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwIGnhN8U1i1FEFomVixw1zOWVzqP3ONPDUngv6AkdPuNC8B_HvZ1FwTk5dTXUpYf5SxO_xCy4LYcpwq66QFFZMlvxSyGVoRQhBoO6yOzUHGZ5uWtjlaF7tvgSC2cM97CwSJREg_GWxquf6jfN_6S-c_rAPLyOUfcriqSzDolzJYM-gUj49aKRaEUJyMM/s319/unqualified.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="181" data-original-width="319" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwIGnhN8U1i1FEFomVixw1zOWVzqP3ONPDUngv6AkdPuNC8B_HvZ1FwTk5dTXUpYf5SxO_xCy4LYcpwq66QFFZMlvxSyGVoRQhBoO6yOzUHGZ5uWtjlaF7tvgSC2cM97CwSJREg_GWxquf6jfN_6S-c_rAPLyOUfcriqSzDolzJYM-gUj49aKRaEUJyMM/s1600/unqualified.jpg" width="319" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The United States Muslim community has a situation unlike any other place in the world, wherein an actual mosque, properly built and situated, can have an Imam that is not even remotely qualified. To quote one African American Muslim activist, the only qualification such a person has is the ability to spell the word I-M-A-M! </p><p><br /></p><p>This is understandable when taking a look at the American religious culture, deeply influenced by protestant Christianity, which largely approaches Christian scripture from an unregulated, opinion-based, "inspired" individualized readings, with no other considerations. A motivated person "feeling inspired by the Holy Ghost" can easily open up a space and begin preaching and getting followers. He (or she) does not need to be bothered with joining a particular denomination, nor have certification, training or even a grounding in the details of the faith. With enough articulation, a person can become very successful.</p><p><br /></p><p>There are some caveats necessary to address. An Imam will always be questioned regarding their qualifications and abilities and be open to attacks by critics. A prime example is Shaykh Yasir Qadi, a graduate of Islamic University of Madinah, with both bachelor's and master's degrees, coupled with a doctorate in theology from Yale University, (currently working as head Imam in a large Texas mosque) is still dismissed as simply lacking simple qualifications by his opponents. In addition, even for those who seemingly have no grounding, there is much room to simply ignore those things if the person is deemed sincere, humble and worthy by those who support him.</p><p><br /></p><p>By <i>unqualified Imam</i>, we mean<u> the person who has taken the title for himself yet has no abilities to do the simple things</u> such as leading prayers, funerals, yet deems himself able to implement religious changes, advocate destructive views, <i>with no consideration for those who follow him</i>. </p><p><br /></p><p>The <i>unqualified Imam</i> is one who <u>does not recognize his weaknesses nor seeks to rectify them</u>. He is the one whose ego gets in the way of his growth as a professional as well as human being. If you find such a person and can't change that situation, simply move on to a better suited (for you) Imam.</p><p><br /></p><p>(2) <b>The Unmosqued Imam</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Although the term unmosqued refers to a Muslim who doesn't feel comfortable in any masjid setting (usually because of personality, cultural or sectarian nuances), there is also the case of people who- in some cases- have never worked as an Imam or in any capacity within a mosque or Muslim community who attach the title (or a similar title such as "Shay<u>kh</u>" "Usta<u>dh</u>" etc) to themselves. Such persons feel motivated to deliver lectures from the comfort of their bedroom, in which their main thrust is to attack Muslim community leadership, personalities, and preach "an enlightened Islam" that bypasses tradition, scholarship, and even knowledge generally. </p><p><br /></p><p>Such personalities often speak from frustrations, projecting wrong motivations onto others, and has a track record of emotionalism, trouble making and ambition. We advise caution when listening to a speaker who, as the proverb goes, is a rebel without a cause! It is worth noting that there is much intersection between the first two mentioned above, and to a certain extent #4!</p><p><br /></p><p>(3) <b>The young idealist</b></p><p><br /></p><p>In the age of podcasts and livestreaming, voices can share as they see fit. The young idealist has love for his religious (and cultural) identity, he (or she) thinks that they have been able to understand all there is to the chosen subject matter, and (in search of views and sometimes income) and engages in debates with theological opponents- both within and outside of Islam. </p><p><br /></p><p>I have been watching such livestream events lately, noticing the lack of wisdom and humility, and a plethora of ego, anger and arrogance in the presenters. The people of wisdom (wisdom usually coming with age) are often so busy with real-life problems in their communities, doing the necessary work, that they don't get around to acquiring the tools for livestreaming and the like. Thus, the unqualified, those lacking the ability to give appropriate guidance, end up with a dominant presence online. It is unfortunate that such idealists end up doing more harm than good. Thus, pay attention to the content, to the emotions, and even the age of the presenters of the message. Determine for yourself if the content is useful.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkWSJ3zWyZyAAqZS0SUPXyL8eK0YIImxrGc8NlkmnEh6kliC90OMR5S-WQetcJShKzHo2Kwy9E292g_HHFr1FUKtBUjzeIw1rdN8MaXmAztTJ-rTDa0VvtvKqDOyvBXkGp1Ly7DKvTv_9p7Viv-obGItgVEpUkAKOUvgRlO13pFG3p0PlhyyDT9apluLc/s580/reality%20check.webp" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="387" data-original-width="580" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkWSJ3zWyZyAAqZS0SUPXyL8eK0YIImxrGc8NlkmnEh6kliC90OMR5S-WQetcJShKzHo2Kwy9E292g_HHFr1FUKtBUjzeIw1rdN8MaXmAztTJ-rTDa0VvtvKqDOyvBXkGp1Ly7DKvTv_9p7Viv-obGItgVEpUkAKOUvgRlO13pFG3p0PlhyyDT9apluLc/s320/reality%20check.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>(4) <b>"That guy (or group) on the internet" </b></p><p>On a global scale, this description applies to groups such as ISIS (Da'esh). Having emerged initially within a fragmented Iraq, they not only moved into Syria but eventually gained followers through the internet, appealing in Western and Non-Western languages via professional videos, magazines and other content. </p><p>Young people left the comfort of their families and homes to join the so-called caliphate, often resulting in long prison sentences and death, not to mention abuse and the crushing of their idealism upon discovering the reality of such groups. </p><p><br /></p><p>While this has certainly died down, another aspect to this topic is the emergence of personalities who may possess adequate knowledge in certain fields of knowledge, conducting q & a sessions, with a professional delivery via being tech savvy. </p><p><br /></p><p>One of the reasons that we have placed this concern about the influence of internet personalities is that even if the said character means well, it is important that answers/advice reflect the needs of the locality, and every society is unique.</p><p><br /></p><p>This is why traditionally fatwas (legal opinions) had to be issued by local Muftis, and not outside scholars. Baghdad 800 years ago is very different from Muslim Spain during the same time period, even though they were part of the same Muslim civilization. </p><p><br /></p><p>The wrong advice may destroy lives. There is less chance of that happening when taking guidance from those who can relate to your circumstances better. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>What are the qualifications for Imam?</b></p><p>I have written on this in the past (<a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2015/02/developing-approach-for-leaders-within.html">Can be found here</a> ), but in a Western context, it is necessary for the Imam to be conversant with the primary texts of Islam (Qur'an and <i>Sunnah</i>), local culture, religion(s), theological trends, regional needs, as well as an understanding of the social sciences, counseling, psychology, and similar fields. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1RimOjnLXYJgoeaq82asb9JBLm5HFFc9kAgLC9hsXb4HyTZSzRkeau2VrCfTqp-BcAugqHUVKjilb2sCgqY2-qO_2Hq-t-bCP17v2DYQK5I7iFRxZ7whuHVUjKeRj7P8tuVZAn8FBcMR2MsuOTyxI-4kSsoA1DBq2uCA7VlVRB10tCg_u4Fbe2H-U4v8/s243/waheed%20with%20toledo%20pastors.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="243" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1RimOjnLXYJgoeaq82asb9JBLm5HFFc9kAgLC9hsXb4HyTZSzRkeau2VrCfTqp-BcAugqHUVKjilb2sCgqY2-qO_2Hq-t-bCP17v2DYQK5I7iFRxZ7whuHVUjKeRj7P8tuVZAn8FBcMR2MsuOTyxI-4kSsoA1DBq2uCA7VlVRB10tCg_u4Fbe2H-U4v8/s1600/waheed%20with%20toledo%20pastors.jpg" width="243" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The typical role of Imam is restricted to ritual, leading the prayers etc. For that, the qualifications are that he has a respectable amount of Qur'an memorized, able to navigate the<i> Sunnah</i>, and have moral character/piety. In a Western context, all of this will have to occur. </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYcPxwGeucogme0m9naBofFuPA-UctkxRkzZ1NN_Suku883o0qM9Vjh--oaH5ovl0M89vD2EWmBiU7UNuytelxVsI4tHwOAK3QKYCsAF0BB8NqfNIzjD5AD7weuaTHB2_5LlyMpp8WonRKtyQ2SBQ5iWpD-Wboc4CbVQ2zXOa5R6B9ZBqSQb4E0i6BwjM/s600/kashmiri%20imam%20in%20prayer.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="399" data-original-width="600" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYcPxwGeucogme0m9naBofFuPA-UctkxRkzZ1NN_Suku883o0qM9Vjh--oaH5ovl0M89vD2EWmBiU7UNuytelxVsI4tHwOAK3QKYCsAF0BB8NqfNIzjD5AD7weuaTHB2_5LlyMpp8WonRKtyQ2SBQ5iWpD-Wboc4CbVQ2zXOa5R6B9ZBqSQb4E0i6BwjM/s320/kashmiri%20imam%20in%20prayer.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Increasingly the average Muslims are educated enough in religion to be able to recognize substance as opposed to religious rhetoric, so it becomes necessary for the Imam to continue growing in knowledge and understanding. Knowledge of Arabic language is a necessity for the sake of credibility in today's world, at least enough to be able to navigate the texts and traditions. Imams with impeccable credentials and mastery of the language and texts are still subjected to criticism and questioning, that's simply a part of being in that role. They won't be able to make everyone happy. There will always be ripples of discontent. If a person can deal with that, be merciful and understanding with those he encounters, then he is able to do a good job, be a benefit to the wider community.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com40tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-7801033305204858062023-09-22T17:06:00.001-07:002023-09-22T17:06:25.011-07:00The phenomenon of religious manipulation<p> Emotional manipulation has been a reality universally recognized. It occurs in business, politics, and a host of other arenas. It can be found even in family dynamics. Indeed, we can even see it, to a certain extent, within business theory. Products (and ideas) are marketed in a way as to inspire maximum profit even if it is based on a lie.</p><p><br /></p><p>Our focus is on manipulation and moral blackmail by means of religious sentiment. While it does happen among every religious community, the following examples are trends which we find common in Muslim circles. It should be noted that the list below is by no means exhaustive, and it does not even begin to touch the manipulation of religious language and imagery as done by political figures throughout the Muslim world captured in media on a daily basis. Indeed, contemporary history shows us leaders who are known to not have strong personal belief or to be impious, making sure cameras capture their occasional visit to the mosques, pilgrimage to Makkah, or sitting with religious scholars. </p><p><br /></p><p>(1) In the cause of Allah</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzEv89_d7US-jQyh8_VSRTP_TgS4sVOxvEOnEyv7gmOoKynCbU-OnTqIJ8kc9oSXio3tGaHm5gygih_c-7H92B7gns3eKOl17ETdFdoe56QJURG1ptDZb66PEEaYTTcO1fEhvKVxiixZ0Hf1cpSI-1DRMwYfhsJkvIi_LXVFPCnqzak23cFVqz1Dhj1PE/s240/fee%20sabeelillaah.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="240" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzEv89_d7US-jQyh8_VSRTP_TgS4sVOxvEOnEyv7gmOoKynCbU-OnTqIJ8kc9oSXio3tGaHm5gygih_c-7H92B7gns3eKOl17ETdFdoe56QJURG1ptDZb66PEEaYTTcO1fEhvKVxiixZ0Hf1cpSI-1DRMwYfhsJkvIi_LXVFPCnqzak23cFVqz1Dhj1PE/s1600/fee%20sabeelillaah.jpg" width="240" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The expression <i>Fee Sabeelillaah</i> is often used to generate a sense of duty, an obligation to be felt by the listener (often at the expense of the listener) to the benefit of the speaker. The term is used in the Qur'an to refer to the process of war, as well as for causes endorsed by the religion in a general sense. </p><p><br /></p><p>This term has been hijacked by those seeking funds unjustly, a tool to make someone feel guilty enough to do something that they are reluctant to do.</p><p><br /></p><p>If this term is hurled at a weapon against you, when it involves something, you are reluctant to undertake, simply say that your entire existence operates by the will of Allah, that you already take actions that are <i>fee sabeelillaah,</i> and that you can't agree to whatever is being forced upon you.</p><p><br /></p><p>In Islam it is considered much better to do a consistent action, even if it is little (such as charity), rather than a big action in one sitting. This is why in the capacity of my role as an Imam, I advocate consistent yet manageable amounts of money to be given <i>fee sabeelillaah</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p>(2) Inshaa-Allah ("God-willing") actually means "NO"!</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw_Pc6uzYWNGvENpIEMNgsvaee5aCTD3shF-eBoHnw4EREmfU6t6DycZ7Lasp6XHd5DPgSxvKCu4SWuo-1I14r1y2oNMAsSndXmSZbqgw8c83jNfCGyuRU4jUTaX554uzh6Khh_dNOgHyEEtJkq1KfZa5NGDDrtY4c2ym3pxTV2yJNtONVoSNJEO-PTRo/s474/Inshaa%20Allah%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="474" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgw_Pc6uzYWNGvENpIEMNgsvaee5aCTD3shF-eBoHnw4EREmfU6t6DycZ7Lasp6XHd5DPgSxvKCu4SWuo-1I14r1y2oNMAsSndXmSZbqgw8c83jNfCGyuRU4jUTaX554uzh6Khh_dNOgHyEEtJkq1KfZa5NGDDrtY4c2ym3pxTV2yJNtONVoSNJEO-PTRo/s320/Inshaa%20Allah%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an tells us never to assert for sure that we will do something unless we add the term "God-willing" (Q 18:23). Unfortunately, it is increasingly common to employ the term, when asked for some small sacrifice, to denote lack of interest and effort in the issue under discussion. It has become the way to cover up that lack of interest. "Will you come here tomorrow?" "Can you call?" The "<i>Inshaa -Allah</i>" answer is utilized, rather than simply declining the request.</p><p><br /></p><p>It is certainly true that the "will" of Allah prevails over our intentions, yet using the term in this format seems to be unwarranted and outright deceptive. The Qur'an has a rather simple solution to such situations.</p><p>" O you who have faith! Have <i>taqwaa</i> of Allah and communicate clearly." (Q 33:70). All of us have been in awkward situations and can feel uncomfortable in certain settings. Yet, it is nonetheless important to be straightforward in expressing comfort and lack of comfort.</p><p><br /></p><p>This is particularly true in interpersonal relationships. Ambiguity in communication can generate misunderstandings that are terminal in such settings. </p><p><br /></p><p>(3) Using religious rhetoric to conceal untoward activities (past and present)</p><p><br /></p><p>This happens in particular with cults, small groups in which it is easier to get away with serious acts of abuse, corruption and the like. Reporting to the relevant authorities is frowned upon as "siding with the disbelievers" "betrayal of the <i>Ummah</i>" and even abandoning Islam as a faith in its entirety. </p><p>Cult figures rely on that type of thinking to continue their activities without any fear of scrutiny. </p><p><br /></p><p></p><blockquote>The Qur'an says " O you who have faith. Be consistent upholders of justice, witnesses to Allah, even if against your own selves, your parents or close relatives. If they are rich or poor, Allah has more right over them both. Thus, do not follow inclinations towards injustice..." (Q 4:135)</blockquote><p></p><p><br /></p><p></p><blockquote><p>In the same chapter, we read the following words: "Allah does not love evil to be broadcast publicly, except when wronged ( <i>illa man <u>dh</u>ulima</i>). And Allah is the ever-hearing, Knowing." (Q 4:148)</p><p></p></blockquote><p><br /></p><p>These verses show us that it is a duty to seek forth justice, particularly when victimized on a personal level.</p><p><br /></p><p>(4) People of<i> Taqwaa </i>have no worldly concerns</p><p><br /></p><p>The idea that those with some senses of piety are without worldly concerns serves as a convenient excuse to take advantage of their good nature. This point is driven home in a recent article I read on a rash of break-ins at Buddhist temples throughout the USA. One interview I saw asserted that a group was able to rob a temple of $40,000 by simply interacting (and therefore distracting) with a Buddhist priest onsite, while their cohorts stole from elsewhere on temple grounds. Apparently, the religious vows prevented the priest from taking any action.</p><p><br /></p><p>In a Muslim context, similar things take places by things such as borrowing (with no intentions of returning) money from the pious, monopolizing their time and presence in order to either distract them or to fulfill some hidden agenda, seeking to take advantage of their wealth by using items 1 and 3 listed above, or making false promises in the name of God.</p><p><br /></p><p>It is imperative that the person of <i>taqwaa</i> also acts as a person who possesses <i>'aaql</i> (intelligence). The Qur'an tells us to put business agreements and loans to writing (Q 2:282). It tells us to exercise caution around those who have a bad track record ( Q 64:14). </p><p><br /></p><p>The people of <i>taqwaa</i> have bills, families, and worldly concerns just as anyone else. The trend to take advantage or even victimize them, assuming that it is acceptable, is simply ridiculous and unjust.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-17388720801252568722023-09-04T20:54:00.002-07:002023-09-05T12:30:37.191-07:00Demonstration of Taqwaa: some surprising examples in the Qur'an<p> The theme of <i>taqwaa</i> is a consistent theme within the Qur'an, a fact that is apparent to even a cursory reader of the text. While we tend to understand this term as "piety" in a religious sense, it is often used in a variety of other senses, but what concerns us here is its rather mundane or secular application.</p><p><br /></p><p>This brief post seeks to look at specific examples found in rather famous examples. We seek to generate contemplation within the reader, which, indeed, is one of the goals of scripture itself.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b><i>Taqwaa</i> is shown in dealing with others:</b></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe35_c_xrBlB5Ew1D_cSuySAhlBlRIYrj4h0_iDsT1ajxGTSO5zRz-GlgZRbeGhfdjqIs1j_xRph_G8jt2ECc5h5oBnmYM5GD7qWqHUDzh7dM7uIqvM1XsJfc6fsmD5mbofVZ5MwOSYD22Pt5HiAGIHtIfgVN53CjDvbAxkqzZyeAvdPuLs7a0Gfc5Wik/s367/AnNisa%201%20image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="137" data-original-width="367" height="119" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhe35_c_xrBlB5Ew1D_cSuySAhlBlRIYrj4h0_iDsT1ajxGTSO5zRz-GlgZRbeGhfdjqIs1j_xRph_G8jt2ECc5h5oBnmYM5GD7qWqHUDzh7dM7uIqvM1XsJfc6fsmD5mbofVZ5MwOSYD22Pt5HiAGIHtIfgVN53CjDvbAxkqzZyeAvdPuLs7a0Gfc5Wik/s320/AnNisa%201%20image.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Allah, as being the Caretaker of the universe, has no need of sustenance from any of his creatures. Indeed, Allah is not "fed" in any means. Some imagine that religious rituals are needed by God for actual sustenance, an idea that has been advanced not only by ancient philosophical tangents, but by popular culture as well. (ft.#1). The truth of the matter is that rituals such as the daily <i>salaah</i> (prayers) are actually for our benefit, in that they connect us to the Allah, as well as serving as a reminder of Divine principles, thus placing internal limits on the violation of those principles. (ft.#2).</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The Qur'an says "O Humanity, have <i>taqwaa</i> of Your Caretaker, who has created <u>you all</u> from a single soul, created from it it's made, and has made from them both to emerge multitudes of men and women. Have <i>taqwaa</i> of Allah, through whom you seek (rights) as well as the (establishment of) family ties. Indeed, Allah is ever watchful over you." (Q 4:1)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">So, we see here that <i>taqwaa </i>is having awareness of God's care for his creation, and awareness of his Omnipresence. Awareness is demonstrated by acting in a good, just way, with those others created by the same God. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><b>Taqwaa demonstrated by looking at the big picture.</b><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>While popular depictions of <i>taqwaa </i>is seen as individual piety, the Qur'an has given a somewhat different picture, a painting that only becomes visible through the lenses of contextual studies. </div><div><br /></div><div><blockquote>" O you who have faith! Have proper <i>taqwaa</i> of Allah (<i>Haqqa Tuqaahihi</i>) and die not except as submissive to him (<i>Wa Laa Tamuutunna illa wa antum Muslimoon</i>)" (Q 3:102).</blockquote></div><div><br /></div><div>While the verse alone easily demonstrates its call towards looking at bigger picture priorities, the context demonstrates this in a thorough fashion. If we start from Q 3:98, it shows the pitfalls that the people of scripture entered into, by denial and altering of the Divine message for sectarian or political reasons, that Muslims are to avoid that acknowledging that God has sent forth scriptures and prophets other than that received by the Muslims, that holding firm to the pure scripture and putting aside personal squabbles in order to strive in Allah's cause represents caring for the bigger picture ( see Q 3:98-109).</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Seeing the bigger picture is also demonstrated by those who reject racism, sexism and destructive tribalism (Q 49:13). </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b><i>Taqwaa</i> demonstrated by careful speech and actions.</b></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Finally, the Qur'an says "O you who have faith! Have <i>taqwaa</i> of Allah and communicate clearly. He will rectify for you your actions, and forgive you your sins, and whomsoever obeys Allah and his Messenger, achieve a mighty achievement." (Q 33:70-71)</div><div><br /></div><div>Here, we have that clear communication skills are demonstrative of proper<i> taqwaa</i>. Indeed, from historical as well as anecdotal evidence, we have seen how those inspired by Islam have taken it upon themselves to become better at communication skills! Malcolm X (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) had copied by hand the entire English dictionary, improved his handwriting skills, while serving a prison sentence, and, despite very little formal education, went on not only to represent the Nation of Islam(NOI) in media, but in academic settings as well. His impact on American life is well-known. (ft.#3). </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSj8THPUHew0BUJpgjKCCPcb1XqjWd8_Ao0kVu1vlvSDRT6JMgOafImY0SGhCAMR8IlyGq-wNU-gh8z8myGkMq87d5-5qE8DL_Ie2dL4mN6QoT5zA1cb5yTqkQJFvrONGBEoo-T00Yw7ziDSQ1Zlb5pYF3PI5PneTKfynky1wf7S8lJq4P_yf6kQrNdeg/s300/Malcolm_X.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="252" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSj8THPUHew0BUJpgjKCCPcb1XqjWd8_Ao0kVu1vlvSDRT6JMgOafImY0SGhCAMR8IlyGq-wNU-gh8z8myGkMq87d5-5qE8DL_Ie2dL4mN6QoT5zA1cb5yTqkQJFvrONGBEoo-T00Yw7ziDSQ1Zlb5pYF3PI5PneTKfynky1wf7S8lJq4P_yf6kQrNdeg/s1600/Malcolm_X.jpg" width="252" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>Indeed, while working in the corrections system, I came to know an inmate who had accepted Islam shared that he had to work hard to rid himself of unhealthy attitudes, and that Islam had inspired him- someone serving a long prison term who had virtually no reading abilities, to <u>teach himself </u>how to read English, but also Arabic and Urdu languages!</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>This text is not limited to communication skills in the above senses. It is showing us that there should be no ambiguity in communication, that clarity is needed in order to avoid confusion, especially in dealing with other human beings. Muhammad Asad points out in his comments the following "The expression <i>Qawl Sadid</i> signifies, literally " a saying that hits the mark" i.e. is truthful, relevant and to the point." ( <i>The Message of the Qur'an</i>, 1980, pg.652)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Another way of looking at the aforementioned text is that one's "speech" is not (simply to be) verbal, but rather by actions. <i>Taqwaa</i> guides the lips as well as the hands. If <i>taqwaa</i> guides those two, it results in God actually fixing one's situations and delivering forgiveness and success. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrVrTg5XHBEP6k2Z2SRt3yN22TqR_BbGV5ubacJZF55theX4LMML-m70ID3ZwlbTvQyCEOZlYjSx_Uv_y0l052ZMac8cViw9gk-uUDzTWV8e3iwl2HaYZYWqGNP57QutFUmbe3sxHrVi4LVYFMonCMtXhtQOmSQCn5fxHYLnIQ3mcjWPJ5qhienkSpj4c/s273/Qawlan%20sadeeedan%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="185" data-original-width="273" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrVrTg5XHBEP6k2Z2SRt3yN22TqR_BbGV5ubacJZF55theX4LMML-m70ID3ZwlbTvQyCEOZlYjSx_Uv_y0l052ZMac8cViw9gk-uUDzTWV8e3iwl2HaYZYWqGNP57QutFUmbe3sxHrVi4LVYFMonCMtXhtQOmSQCn5fxHYLnIQ3mcjWPJ5qhienkSpj4c/s1600/Qawlan%20sadeeedan%20image.jpg" width="273" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">It should be noted that these verses are traditionally recited in the wedding ceremony and are similarly often cited in the Friday prayer sermon <u>(<i>kh</i></u><i>utbah</i>). They are appropriate occasions for the reminders these verses contain. May Allah make us among those who have <i>taqwaa</i>. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Footnotes</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">(1) Greek mythology is filled with examples of literally "feeding" the objects of worship, and to a certain extent this still is done within Hinduism, in which rice offerings are left at the idol. Popular cultural references include the Science fiction TV program called <u>Stargate SG-1</u>, which depicted one alien race (known as the <i>Go-a'uld)</i> who had a parasitical relationship with their human worshipers, as well as another race (known as the <i>ORI</i>) who actually were sustained through the prayers of their followers! </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">(2) The Qur'an says, for example, that the remembrance of God and prayers function as empowering the people of faith, as well as "forbidding immorality and repugnant actions" Q 29:45.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">(3) Countless books, documentaries, and popular films show these facts regarding Malcolm X, in both his pre-NOI and Sunni Muslim life. I suggest reading his famous rendering <i>The autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley</i>. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div><br /></div>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-6496689173762648112023-08-02T17:50:00.005-07:002023-08-02T17:50:56.214-07:00Thoughts on religious polemics<p><b>Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Customers in search of one (or several) items will go to a shopping mall, a marketplace wherein they may end up acquiring various items from different businesses. It is often the case that the different businesses are actually selling the same product and thus the need to compete with each other in order to make sales. </p><p><br /></p><p>Although crude and lacking elegance, this example reflects the relationship between self-appointed representatives of religions. It not only involves refutations of opposing doctrinal positions, but it can get very emotional. While most recently an Iraqi Christian named <u>Salwan Momika</u> in Sweden had at least two incidents in which the Qur'an was targeted (even outside a Stockholm mosque during Eid services), perhaps not as well-known are the actions of an American Christian figure <u>David Wood</u>, who has made his career by producing video content critical of Islam, who actually ate pages from the Qur'an during a livestream interview with another critic best known by his nickname <u>Apostate Prophet</u> (or AP). It seems to me that the reason behind such ridiculous actions is that of generating business, more so than any other motivation.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHLWqS-l0SLDXF8UGIXBGCLgIoN_N9o669tyJ6TY092GVJG1q921JJdqgHS2lOFEq3uwLWfA9vwNuiVkNDO1ifOnWA5HBzGSN6U6YzljLIFYadp_VRszyDcMtkjziMbQ-R5pp7Mr1KBL2K2I7E6OQkaS5P5P65cssAlYcxXGMUieBxoADqH_zTx8ypXnA/s474/salwan%20momika.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="316" data-original-width="474" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjHLWqS-l0SLDXF8UGIXBGCLgIoN_N9o669tyJ6TY092GVJG1q921JJdqgHS2lOFEq3uwLWfA9vwNuiVkNDO1ifOnWA5HBzGSN6U6YzljLIFYadp_VRszyDcMtkjziMbQ-R5pp7Mr1KBL2K2I7E6OQkaS5P5P65cssAlYcxXGMUieBxoADqH_zTx8ypXnA/s320/salwan%20momika.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><b>Debate</b></p><p>As an academic exercise, it is fascinating both as a spectator and a participant to engage in a debate. In some settings, students will be made to defend positions they themselves do not agree with. This is useful in the development of communication skills, critical thinking, understanding the topic better, and much more.</p><p><br /></p><p>However, in a religious context, while it can function in ways as noted above, it often proves to be counterproductive. Parties may lie, make strawman arguments, or deliberately seek to provoke their opponent via personal insults, as a means to "win". It becomes little more than entertainment, each side seeking applause (and money) from their audience (both in person and online). Evidence for this is easily observable in places such as the United Kingdom's famous "Speakers Corner". Most of the participants have YOUTUBE channels, PATREON accounts which solicit donations to "continue the cause". </p><p><br /></p><p>Moreover, religious debates are more than about theology, they are about identity and often intersecting with current political conflicts, thus, producing emotional outbursts which actually makes people blind to the argument advanced by the other party.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Dialogue</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Discussion is a much better way to go in understanding the religious teachings of others. Dialogue should take place in a calm environment. Laymen interested in a particular topic should attend discussions in which qualified, recognized scholars or authorities have the opportunity to present their arguments and engage in addressing questions. </p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKc3NWeV5c2-lFpmErfVJYqZ41WlPqMNDK8zsfIMcTbLSP7ig6Dll3fHGMsAdgvNAc-ypKcayysIa3JQtrc3GUQixBnjE65qaYSsB6YkGwBSCrn5gAPuZwXy6M7M9gpRtDdYnk2jNHgshtb0Xxyz9e7tJD41WSh9x11wbM7GnI3wpl-wHA7rJNXj-hLCE/s446/dialogue%20image.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="113" data-original-width="446" height="81" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKc3NWeV5c2-lFpmErfVJYqZ41WlPqMNDK8zsfIMcTbLSP7ig6Dll3fHGMsAdgvNAc-ypKcayysIa3JQtrc3GUQixBnjE65qaYSsB6YkGwBSCrn5gAPuZwXy6M7M9gpRtDdYnk2jNHgshtb0Xxyz9e7tJD41WSh9x11wbM7GnI3wpl-wHA7rJNXj-hLCE/s320/dialogue%20image.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><b>Islamic guidelines</b></p><p>Undoubtedly Islam presents itself as the completed picture of God's truth, and views particular doctrines held by other faith traditions as erroneous, nonetheless it has guidelines therein that are realistic and respectful.</p><p><br /></p><p>Among those teachings is that the acceptance of religion be a conscious choice (Q 2:255, 18:29), that items deemed sacrosanct are not to be ridiculed (Q 6:108), that it be presented in a rational fashion, demonstrating wisdom (Q 16:125).</p><p><br /></p><p>Religious differences, even within the same religious community, are a part of life, and need not lead to enmity or conflict. They can be passionately discussed, and it is possible to benefit from such a discussion, but if those discussions, or any discussions for that matter, degenerate to a very low point, it is better to withdraw from them (Q 4:140, 25:63 and also see 2:83). Ultimately, it is on Judgement Day that God himself will state the truth on all the issues we disagree about (Q 6:164).</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-34863855007062040852023-07-06T16:36:00.001-07:002023-07-06T17:03:16.077-07:00What EVERY Muslim needs to know about Islam<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-KWw3HOlHvY5By_CT_4Yu4MKvNqJSGNNisydg2H8YAnDnZC_OoXt-4Ds3vamJpkUeWUcOrLaL1X_GkpAg1odEd1mFqMD2Gzrhn4FAWhpmZuWGZWjbZoeVkgMefieBjdoAT62dtT15FssshaLFIJ3yj8QZI5CwhuCewT07jSMzR-cWxUl1R1WfEkZ8RsA/s318/Bismillahgreen%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="318" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-KWw3HOlHvY5By_CT_4Yu4MKvNqJSGNNisydg2H8YAnDnZC_OoXt-4Ds3vamJpkUeWUcOrLaL1X_GkpAg1odEd1mFqMD2Gzrhn4FAWhpmZuWGZWjbZoeVkgMefieBjdoAT62dtT15FssshaLFIJ3yj8QZI5CwhuCewT07jSMzR-cWxUl1R1WfEkZ8RsA/s1600/Bismillahgreen%20image.jpg" width="318" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Introduction</b></p><p>The acquisition of knowledge is a noble undertaking, yet it is one which takes time, patience and hard work. An organized system of presenting information will have periodic tasks, exams and tests to determine the student's abilities and retention of the data that had been delivered during the course of academic period. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>With religion, particularly the religion of Islam, a great deal of tradition, texts and opinions are available, all of which have a level of attraction and arguments, which can lead to a great deal of confusion and outright dysfunction on a basic religious level. This is demonstrated occasionally within self-study. A person who has, on their own, studied the Japanese language, memorizing vocabulary and grammar to a point where they deem themselves as having mastered it will often be lacking the most basic of necessary information, and when confronted, will lose credibility. While this is not intended to belittle self-study(ft.1), it is something to be cognizant of.</p><p><br /></p><p>The title of this article is taken from the maxim coined by Muslim scholars as a teaching tool. That maxim is "The knowledge of religion that is necessary to possess" (<i>Al Ma'loom min ad deeni bid-Daroorah</i>). This expression is typically used in a theological sense to emphasis what Muslims are obligated to understand and believe in.</p><p><br /></p><p>This article departs from the normative theological uses (while not denying the legitimacy of that usage) in order to focus on the more practical applications which are often neglected or even ignored, precisely because of lack of understanding their importance. </p><p><br /></p><p>We recognize that there is a certain level of legitimate differences of opinions, beliefs and judgement calls within the Muslim community (which shall be addressed below), so we have focused on matters that are largely deemed agreed upon <i>(Ijmaa'</i>) by all parties. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>The Five pillars</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw66LMtIe5ptc48bdTkaUVDxgvUv3FTKXLO_cWha5rLBFNG-Ai76E9MzYZl43rREvfGcYvc3_q162pTa0JqpkzmxejlZwUsqKqBRVuf46S8emwD8nk2R7WhHQugz6_BBgnPTxk23xDn0lUHTJcJQZRP6L8jBFn0p8yhhOBCMFcSNQvW3PsnCpOCxyLXos/s265/necessary%20knowledge%20july%206%2023.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="265" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw66LMtIe5ptc48bdTkaUVDxgvUv3FTKXLO_cWha5rLBFNG-Ai76E9MzYZl43rREvfGcYvc3_q162pTa0JqpkzmxejlZwUsqKqBRVuf46S8emwD8nk2R7WhHQugz6_BBgnPTxk23xDn0lUHTJcJQZRP6L8jBFn0p8yhhOBCMFcSNQvW3PsnCpOCxyLXos/s1600/necessary%20knowledge%20july%206%2023.jpg" width="265" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>While the five pillars are indeed well-known because of one <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> (ft.2), there are details that are necessary to put into place in order for these pillars to actually construct something beautiful. Four out of five of those pillars are in the practical realm, rather than theological(ft.3), and are addressed below.</p><p><br /></p><p>(I)<u> Salaah: daily prayers</u></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvs2igN8J0CsnqIcKnbm_q5xRvMuyG-o1AfyyX12ZeHt0kvfWhlRmrCmc3v_0m7US5HyhXFW8Ln9xocRlt8n2ZBH-B8nyjK7JVBojh8vRc_SsjKL2in7n6h5Y_UwJuPD5YUPPuITbu4ufKfrGKKEQ6UCuGDn-x6wWwjygSXYO4mhdoWpTIlUPzttlN1KA/s260/salaat%20on%20a%20boat.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="260" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvs2igN8J0CsnqIcKnbm_q5xRvMuyG-o1AfyyX12ZeHt0kvfWhlRmrCmc3v_0m7US5HyhXFW8Ln9xocRlt8n2ZBH-B8nyjK7JVBojh8vRc_SsjKL2in7n6h5Y_UwJuPD5YUPPuITbu4ufKfrGKKEQ6UCuGDn-x6wWwjygSXYO4mhdoWpTIlUPzttlN1KA/s1600/salaat%20on%20a%20boat.jpg" width="260" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>While it is well-known that one is to face Makkah (the <i>Qiblah</i>), it is also necessary to be in a clean state, physically and mentally. This is known as <i>Tahaarah</i>! The place of prayer should also be clean and the <i>salaah</i> should not be offered in a place such as a restroom. The process of ablution <i>(Wudoo') </i>should occur before prayers, and the state of wudoo' becomes necessary to renew after using the restroom, flatulence, deep sleep, and of course intimacy requires a full bath (<i><u>gh</u>usl</i>) before<i> salaah</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p>The necessary texts to recite in the prayers are of course <i>Soorah Al-Faatihah-</i>the opening chapter of the Qur'an (with a high emphasis on any other Quranic texts as well), the terms of glorification recited in the bowing (<i>rukoo</i>'), prostration (<i>sajdah</i>), the testimony of faith (<i>ta<u>sh</u>a<u>hh</u>ud</i>) and the pleading for the Messenger and all believers (<i>Salaat 'alan Nabi</i>) done in the final sitting posture. (ft.4)</p><p>For Muslim men, we also want to add that the men function as prayer leader (or Imam) in the family. We must know (and teach, particularly our sons) the above, as well as the call to prayer <i>(a<u>dh</u>aan</i>), the immediate summons (<i>Iqaamah</i>), the number of units <i>(rak'ahs</i>) for each prayer(ft.5), and how to organize for communal prayer (with family and friends). These things are relatively easy. Other details come as time goes on, as needed. However, in terms of necessary knowledge regarding the <i>salaah</i>, the above cannot be dispensed with. (ft.6))</p><p><br /></p><p>(II) Fasting:</p><p><br /></p><p>Every able-bodied Muslim is expected to observe the fast from dawn (<i>fajr</i>) to Sunset (<i>ma<u>gh</u>rib</i>) during the month of Ramadan. Exemptions are made for the ill, the traveler <i>(musaafir</i>), menstruating women and the like. A common misconception in the West is that the fasting period starts at sunrise (<i>shorooq</i>). </p><p>The starting and ending times of the fast are very important to observe. It is also a good time to observe more prayer, charity and Qur'an reading. </p><p><br /></p><p>(III) Zakaat:</p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an connects prayer and charity (<i>Zakaah</i>) in multiple places, easily observed by even a cursory glance at the scripture. Unfortunately, this pillar is unnecessarily neglected.</p><p>It should be made a priority; in the same way our monthly bills are a priority. With the emergence of the internet and automatic withdrawals, paying it should be an easy task. For more on this, see <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2022/05/zakaat-reflections-on-its-application.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Zakaat: Reflections on its application in the Western world</a></p><p><br /></p><p>(IV) Hajj pilgrimage:</p><p><br /></p><p>This pilgrimage to Makkah, the site of the Ka'bah, is contingent upon physical and financial abilities. Many people worry about the pilgrimage rites (<i>manaasik</i>) years before making the intentions to actually go, yet our advice is to simply wait until it is near time to go, when the travel arrangements have been made. </p><p><br /></p><p>Malaysian and Indonesian pilgrims, upon getting the visa, actually go through classes in preparation of it, in a very organized fashion. Moreover, pilgrims travel in groups, and most travel agencies will have a guide in the group to help with the rites. Indeed, when I was blessed to go on the Hajj, our group had a power-point presentation preceding our entry into the pilgrimage. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Sunnah</b></p><p>The term <i>"Sunnah</i>" in a technical sense refers to the established tradition of the Prophet Muhammad <i>(Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>). The term is widely used to highlight the Prophet's unique worship practices that fall outside of those deemed obligatory. For example, before offering the obligatory<i> <u>dh</u>uhr</i> prayer (which consists of four units), he would do a voluntary <i>salaah</i> consisting of four units. People would call these "sunnah prayers" or simply "<i>sunnah</i>". </p><p><br /></p><p>Sometimes the term is seen as synonymous with <i>Naafil</i>, which means voluntary, however in a technical sense this would be an incorrect application, because a person can do an action on their own volition, and it has no immediate reference to something done by the Prophet.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Sects</b></p><p>Between 85-90% of Muslims globally fall under the category of Sunni <i>(Ahlus su<u>nn</u>ah wal Jamaa'ah)</i>. In a broad sense, the appellation means that they take from the Prophet Muhammad's tradition, as conveyed through his companions and family, for legal precedence. </p><p>15% (some estimates are as high as 20%) of Muslims belong to the Shiite community. They have a number of sub-groups, but the main difference is that they assert that they take from a select few from the Prophet's family (<i>Ahlul Bayt</i>) for legal and theological information. </p><p><br /></p><p>While there are some deep and significant differences between the two groups, it should be mentioned that both agree on the fundamentals of faith as well as most secondary points.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Schools of thought</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p>While both sects have varying schools of thought, our focus is on the four which remain among the Sunni community. These schools, known as <i>ma<u>dh</u>-hab</i>s (the correct Arabic plural is <i>Ma<u>dh</u>aahib</i>), have slightly different methodologies in evaluating and applying Islamic texts in a legal application. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Hanafi school dominates South East and central Asia, as well as Eastern Europe, The Shafi's in Far Asia, parts of the Arab world. The Maliki school (although founded in Madinah) commands loyalty in North and Western Africa, and Hanbali in Saudi Arabia. </p><p><br /></p><p>As a result of slightly different methodologies, conclusions on certain legal minutia vary. In prayers, the Shafi'ees raise their hands <i>(raf' yadayn</i>) at every movement of prayer, while the Hanafis do so only when initiating the prayer (<i>Takbeeratul Ihraam</i>).</p><p>These things should not be viewed as issues to result in division. It should also be noted that the divisions above (among the Sunni schools) are not theological. The term used for jurisprudence, for deriving texts for legal (and often ritual application) is<i> Fiqh</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Culture</b></p><p>Healthy and wholistic practices are welcome in the Muslim community. The Muslim world is actually very diverse in these regards, and while Muslims have much in common as a result of the religion, we also acknowledge the richness in variety of languages, foods, history and perspective.</p><p><br /></p><p>From an Islamic perspective, we only "reject" that which is contrary to the Qur'an and Prophetic legacy. In other words, the values and clear guidance of the religion is primary reference for us, even if the culture says something else. A good example is the caste system. It perpetuates oppression and separation. Islam teaches equality of all before God (Q 49:13), thus, we follow Islam, not the cultural attitudes. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p>The content of this article should function as a foundation for seeing where we need to be in a religious sense. It omits many details and follow up questions/comments are always welcome.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Footnotes</b></p><p>(1) For thought on study, see <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2023/02/simple-and-easy-study-methods.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Simple and easy study methods</a></p><p><br /></p><p>(2) The narration is reported by 'Abdullah b.Umar, and is found in Bukhari and Muslim's collections, however, there are other reports with similar content.</p><p><br /></p><p>(3) The first pillar is the <i>shahaadah</i>, declaring belief in the One and only God (Allah) and acknowledging that Muhammad (peace be upon him) was God's messenger. </p><p><br /></p><p>(4) This is also known by names such as <i>Durood Sharif</i>, <i>Salaat Ibrahimiyyah</i> etc. I explain the significance of this invocation at around minute 13 in my recent <i>'Eid ul Ad-haa</i> sermon, to be found <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y_egrvjTnYM">Here: Eid-ul ad-haa 2023</a> </p><p><br /></p><p>(5) For the daily obligatory prayers, the units are as follows:<i> Fajr</i> is two rak'ahs, <i>dhuhr</i> is 4, as is <i>'Asr</i>. <i>Ma<u>gh</u>rib</i> is 3, and '<i>Ishaa</i> is four rak'ahs. On Fridays, if in a mosque, the<i> <u>dh</u>uhr</i> is replaced with Friday <i>(jum'ah</i>) prayer, itself having two rak'ahs. The daily prayers can be prayed in congregation (<i>Jama'ah</i>), whereas most "Sunnah" prayers-if observed- are done on an individual basis.</p><p><br /></p><p>(6) All of the schools recognize the need for <i>Al-Faatihah</i> to be within the prayers, and most recognize that the addition of additional Quranic content as constituting <i>Sunnah</i> (and Not obligatory). With that said, the universal practice is following this structure: Al-Faatihah, followed by another Quranic text, in the first two units of the <i>salaah</i>. Thus, it is important for all Muslims, especially men, to have more Qur'an committed to memory. The last section of the Qur'an (<i>Juz' 'amma</i>) contains short chapters and are thus ideal for use in the prayers. At a minimum, I would recommend learning by heart at least the final three Quranic chapters (112-114) and rotate them in your prayers. It also has the effect of making your <i>salaah</i> more impactful.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-3378424911434360702023-06-17T16:06:00.002-07:002023-06-17T16:06:46.695-07:00Friday Khutbah :The Prophet's example<p> ( Note: The following is an edited version of <i><u>kh</u>utbah</i> delivered 6/16/23 at Masjid Ibrahim of Las Vegas, Nevada. Please note that the opening <i>Hamd</i> (expressions of praise for God) have been omitted, as well as the verbalization of peace for the Prophets. In addition, it has been formatted into one article, rather than the traditional two sections as found within a <i><u>kh</u>utbah</i>.)</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH6KisDS4qrt1EN4Mr6bbDBltZ28OettGTwWgkzafRVlbtyN4EBcJrf03serZdxnEh7L7LmXoKPZWk98NbxripBhjAVT9MhHrUnqq_cIpHzRgJrSStg6Z9QGnxT2eX4KrqXgYyzMKQw0nwqpoK4G-eHBJwfO_otV7I3MWqTRUrzKUP1tih95iJEMFm/s304/masjid%20ibrahim%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="304" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH6KisDS4qrt1EN4Mr6bbDBltZ28OettGTwWgkzafRVlbtyN4EBcJrf03serZdxnEh7L7LmXoKPZWk98NbxripBhjAVT9MhHrUnqq_cIpHzRgJrSStg6Z9QGnxT2eX4KrqXgYyzMKQw0nwqpoK4G-eHBJwfO_otV7I3MWqTRUrzKUP1tih95iJEMFm/s1600/masjid%20ibrahim%20image.jpg" width="304" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><b>The blessing of practical guidance</b></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHKkpcpWerMou3H8XFhPWZd9By5tzaZ8y1UTQ6bOO0M-ZU6zY19cjkXpMqi4l8JlQxo17MM67ssBc4E0x0JCTBdpNE1ABnFOd1f4osygXqiD8Bwb2HVpKtWb1Ae8sqSWGzM5PzXZ177zGkikYAn4kgfK2rbbDvG3A2_hXinXg4SQeLpnUew-kz6kA-/s600/muhammad%20calligraphy.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHKkpcpWerMou3H8XFhPWZd9By5tzaZ8y1UTQ6bOO0M-ZU6zY19cjkXpMqi4l8JlQxo17MM67ssBc4E0x0JCTBdpNE1ABnFOd1f4osygXqiD8Bwb2HVpKtWb1Ae8sqSWGzM5PzXZ177zGkikYAn4kgfK2rbbDvG3A2_hXinXg4SQeLpnUew-kz6kA-/s320/muhammad%20calligraphy.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>As Muslims, we have as our ultimate source of guidance and information the pure, uncorrupted words of Almighty Allah within the Qur'an, however, we also possess, as a second source of guidance and information, the example of the Messenger of Allah. This did not occur as an accident or an afterthought, rather, it is the system by which Allah has made the deen, in order to convey and preserve the message of the revelation. Thus, we read in the Qur'an "Verily, you have in the messenger of Allah a goodly model, for any who has hope in Allah, the final day, and reflect upon Allah abundantly." ( Q 33:21)</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لَقَدۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">کَانَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لَکُمۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">فِیۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">رَسُوۡلِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اللّٰہِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اُسۡوَۃٌ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">حَسَنَۃٌ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لِّمَنۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">کَانَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">یَرۡجُوا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اللّٰہَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَالۡیَوۡمَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span aria-describedby="mui-97497" class="c314" style="background-color: #cccccc; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الۡاٰخِرَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَذَکَرَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اللّٰہَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c314" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">کَثِیۡرًا</span></span></p><p>We have within the Prophet's practical instructions a wealth of information on addressing negative emotions. He said: "Don't look at those above you, look at those below you." (<i>Al-Bukhari</i> & <i>Muslim</i>).</p><p><br /></p><p>Allah certainly gives and restricts for whom he wills, in accordance with his plan and wisdom, these are things we are often unable to see, and as a result of our short vision, experience jealousy and the like. </p><p><br /></p><p>By following the aforementioned<i> hadee<u>th</u>,</i> it helps to remove the destructive feeling of jealousy. Envy is an emotion that invites a satanic presence, to the extent that it is discussed within the last two Quranic chapters (<i>Al-Falaq</i> and <i>An-Naas</i>).</p><p><br /></p><p>Prophet Muhammad also sought to limit those items which arouse jealousy in others. He forbade men from wearing gold and silk (<i>Ibn Maajah</i>). Men are the traditional public figures, and thus by forbidding men from adoring with these two items, it limits public resentment, which can-if unchecked- translate into actual crimes and social disorder. </p><p><br /></p><p>Our religion has also taught that when we see examples of God's blessings, we should say<i> Maa-shaa-Allah</i> (as God has willed) and<i> Alhamdulillaah</i> (praise belongs to Allah). </p><p>Allah gives according to his wisdom and plan, and recognition of this helps to remove envy from the hearts.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Anger</b></p><p>There are times when anger is not only appropriate, but also necessary. A man seeing his wife, daughter, children etc. under attack is supposed to become angry and take action to defend his family. Yet, as a general principle it is widely recognized that anger is a dangerous emotional outpouring. </p><p><br /></p><p>The hadeeth literature reports that a man asked the Prophet for advice, and he responds (3 times) <br />Do not give in to the tendency to be angry "(the arabic text for this is <i>Laa Ta<u>gh</u>dab</i>) (<i>Saheeh Muslim</i>).</p><p><br /></p><p>While the above sounds good, our Prophet went further. He practically stated that when angry while sitting, stand, when walking, run, go make<i> wudoo</i> (ablution), offer a two <i>rak'ah</i> (unit) prayer. <i>(sunan Abu Dawud 7482, 7484).</i></p><p><br /></p><p>In other words, removing oneself from the situation by taking these actions helps to de-escalate the matter before taking regrettable actions. This is very sound advice. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Emotional blackmail</b></p><p><br /></p><p>The Prophet as a leader, as God's messenger, was nonetheless a human being. He and his followers had been victims of Makkan oppositon for years, and upon the liberation of Makkah, he issued a general amnesty, which benefitted the leaders of that opposition such as Abu Sufyan and Hind. The latter had ordered a slave named Wahshi to kill and mutilate the Prophet's beloved uncle Hamza (<i>Radee Allahu 'anhu).</i></p><p>All three of these people became Muslim and recited the <i>shahaadah</i> (declaration of faith) with the Prophet. With Wahshi, the assassin, he told him that while he accepts his declaration, and he is under the amnesty promised by the new order he (The Prophet) established, he did not want to see him (Wahshi) again, because he gets reminded of his uncle!</p><p><br /></p><p>So the Prophet, while still carrying on in his role, was a human being with human emotions. He guarded himself from negativity by telling Wahshi he didn't want to see him anymore. </p><p><br /></p><p>The lesson is that taking actions of self-protection are perfectly valid. Naysayers and abusers often resort to emotional blackmail and manipulation of religious language to force their agendas; however, we learn from the Prophet that we are allowed to protect ourselves from such things. </p><p><br /></p><p>(Most of our Friday prayer and Qur'an study sessions are livestreamed on our mosque Facebook page "The Masjid Ibrahim". In addition to this website, many of our talks are to be found on YouTube on various channels, such as "Arifin Library". For updates, do follow/subscribe to those sites)</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUITHvVRUTRP-OTffoiiAHBd9DGOmzsuBlN97pW7F7waDqO7iMABXK63hmj12v_kzXWWYM6FqWOnEt1UWHrvVfuxIYlTT9SomjakIn1AWTqUz8CXrwXKhdVVAyAh25nGcDUbqIxvRDDcR-I4lcV5BWjjHfOx0ioaGRq-kfOge4Ol4uHHkJl92j5cm8/s960/Shamsuddin%20Waheed%20Khutbah%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="960" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUITHvVRUTRP-OTffoiiAHBd9DGOmzsuBlN97pW7F7waDqO7iMABXK63hmj12v_kzXWWYM6FqWOnEt1UWHrvVfuxIYlTT9SomjakIn1AWTqUz8CXrwXKhdVVAyAh25nGcDUbqIxvRDDcR-I4lcV5BWjjHfOx0ioaGRq-kfOge4Ol4uHHkJl92j5cm8/s320/Shamsuddin%20Waheed%20Khutbah%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-21168820426268790962023-05-22T15:14:00.000-07:002023-05-22T15:14:02.703-07:00Quranic Study Notes ( Soorah Al Humazah 104:1-9)<p><b> Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an is a book that deserves deep, comprehensive, and consistent study. This reality even extends to texts that are usually not present on our radars. The particular<i> Soorah</i> briefly examined is a text which most Muslims learn as children, because of its relatively small size, rhythm and message, a few lines that are often used in worship.</p><p><br /></p><p>This composition is added to the study notes series, in which we are simply sharing an edited, revised version of my own notes, prepared for teaching purposes. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0fp2tNp7mzZgDqDVKPGlwDtEmeJN032i7D8_FY3JjZ-uQPizSXO2YeiTUOPOd3cj7OnECx4HJskrLxx8zrqZ_4EnM_jgdGECYDKY1r4na148Li64xLjy-BRTO-oBN_BwJjbPRok39f_awPTa028_n4eIgr0JVj92Q95uNd32MkLpV2Xib1fCfYApe/s410/Al-Humazah%20image%201.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="220" data-original-width="410" height="172" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0fp2tNp7mzZgDqDVKPGlwDtEmeJN032i7D8_FY3JjZ-uQPizSXO2YeiTUOPOd3cj7OnECx4HJskrLxx8zrqZ_4EnM_jgdGECYDKY1r4na148Li64xLjy-BRTO-oBN_BwJjbPRok39f_awPTa028_n4eIgr0JVj92Q95uNd32MkLpV2Xib1fCfYApe/s320/Al-Humazah%20image%201.webp" width="320" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><b>Two different translations</b><div><br /></div><div><u>Saheeh International</u></div><div><br /></div><div>(1) Woe to every scorner and mocker. (2) Who collects wealth and (continuously) counts it. (3) He thinks that his wealth will make him immortal. (4) No! He will surely be thrown into the Crusher. (5) And what can make you know what is the Crusher? (6) It is the fire of Allah, (eternally) fueled. (7) Which mounts directed at the hearts. (8) Indeed, Hellfire will be closed down upon them, (9) In extended columns.</div><div><br /></div><div><u>Yusuf Ali </u></div><div><br /></div><div>(1) Woe to every (kind of) scandal monger and backbiter. (2) Who pileth up wealth and layeth it by. (3) Thinking that his wealth will make him last forever! (4) By no means! He will be sure to be thrown into that which breaks to pieces. (5) And what will explain to thee that which breaks to pieces? (6) (It is) the fire of the wrath of Allah kindled (to a blaze) (7) That which doth mount (right) to the hearts. (8) It shall be made into a vault over them. (9) In columns outstretched. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Some vocabulary</b></div><div><br /></div><div>"<i>Humazah</i>" which appears at the end of the first verse is the key expression and title of this<i> Soorah</i>, it is typically translated as "the backbiter", stems from the root <i>hamaza</i>, which carries the meaning of suggestions, whispers, goading, and is even used for<u> insanity</u>!</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>"<i>Lumazah</i>" is from the root<i> lumz</i>, which refers to negative speech, can be translated as "defamer". <i>Saheeh international</i> has rendered it "mocker" as noted above. It is the last term of the first verse. </div><div><br /></div><div>"<i>Hutamah</i>". Although translated above (in verse 4), a literal translation is actually unneeded here, as it becomes defined in verse 6 as "God's kindled fire". </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Overview</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Even though it is said to refer to the Makkan opponents of the Prophet Muhammad (<i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>), who would approach visitors coming for pilgrimage and trade with false reports, with the intention of dissuading those visitors from listening to him (i.e. the Prophet), the content of this text has implications and lessons far beyond that.</div><div><br /></div><div>Verses 2 and 3 inform us in a subtle way that those who engage in this behavior against the Prophet were powerful folks. They had "money to burn" and, as shown repeatedly in the Quranic and historical references, incredibly selfish, greedy and blind-hearted. </div><div><br /></div><div>Slander, backbiting and the like seem to be the pastime of the wealthy, of those who have the power to disseminate their false news. They do so not simply for the sake of "gossip", but for an agenda. </div><div><br /></div><div>In a context of a war for the minds, it becomes important here, as the observer, to find out the truth by whatever means are available, especially in those areas with religious implications. Misconceptions as well as outright false attributions are easily spread in today's world. Thus, look at both sides of an argument before deciding who is correct. Become educated in the complexities of the important subjects, personalities and ideas. </div><div><br /></div><div>Those who engage in what can be described as phycological warfare and disinformation are described as those who are punished with "God's kindled fire" <i>(Naarullaahil Muuqadah</i>) in verses 4-6.</div><div><br /></div><div>These are folks with narcissistic tendencies, corrupted emotional output/feelings, corrupted beyond repair. We find this not only in verse 7-9, but in the Quranic description of the rejectors as found in places such as<i> Soorah Al-Baqarah</i>. (EN1)</div><div><br /></div><div>This can also be said to not only refer to opponents of religious truth, but to those who like to keep drama going. Thus, it is important to avoid these things as much as possible.(EN2) and (EN3)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Endnotes</b></div><div><br /></div><div>(1) For more on this, see <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2017/12/foundations-for-proper-thinking.html">Foundations for proper thinking</a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>(2) Muslims have historically struggled with issues of this kind, and in particular with similar subject matter as given in <i>Soorah Al Hujuraat.</i> There is agreement among scholars that "backbiting" is legitimate when done against the voices of religious misguidance, however the term itself, I think, is not appropriate for that context, as "backbiting" often involves slander and false information. I see no problem with critiquing views, so long as the views under attack are actually being presented correctly. Often misconceptions lead to misrepresentations, themselves leading to miscarriages of justice. In addition, "personal" attacks are beyond the pale, unless there has been legitimate harm involved, in which case it becomes an issue of public safety and benefit. Qur'an 4:148 provides some clarity on this. Today's discourse involves practices such as "doxing" and even stalking ideological foes, scrutiny of their family members, attempts to interfere with their income, etc.! Such behavior is toxic. </div><div><br /></div><div>(3) Our Mosque has Quran study sessions Sundays at 1:00 PM (PST). Most of our sessions are broadcast live, all are welcome to participate. Simply "follow" our Facebook page for notifications of livestream. <a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheMasjidIbrahim/about">The Masjid Ibrahim | Facebook</a></div><div><br /></div><div><p><br /></p></div>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-12125071184424771942023-04-24T14:42:00.014-07:002023-04-24T15:26:33.925-07:00A clarification on the account of Zaynab and Prophet Muhammad<p> <b>Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Among the pitfalls of historical examination is that of misunderstandings created by either well-meaning people, or through blatant misrepresentations of the lives and actions of important personalities. While this is a situation most regrettable in the religious realm, this certainly happens in the secular world as well.</p><p><br /></p><p>This can happen in the lifetime of that figure, but it becomes harder to correct after the death of that figure. There are a number of examples I can think of, wherein I had accepted as historically valid a particular "fact", only to be corrected upon encountering a sounder bit of information from reliable sources. </p><p><br /></p><p>While this process of acceptance and rejection can be subjective, and certainly occurs in almost every field of study, some assertions deserve to be rejected automatically as ridiculous attributions! Among such claims is that having to do with the marriage of Zaynab, <i>Radee Allahu 'anhaa,</i> to the Prophet Muhammad, <i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>.</p><p><br /></p><p>The claim in question is summarized as follows: Zaynab bint Jahsh, married to the Prophet's (adopted) son Zayd Ibn Al-Haarithah, was an exceedingly beautiful woman, and when this was noticed by the Prophet, he took actions to break up that marriage to have her for himself. Critics assert everything from seduction to incest in this scenario.</p><p><br /></p><p>It will be demonstrated in this composition, supported by historical analysis, logic and Quranic references, that such an assertion is simply unfounded. It is our hope that this article answers this particular claim, to benefit Muslim and Non-Muslim readers alike. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Who was Zaynab?</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7tptyX5V3Zbtuul4oJGZObzGqFZtJbwF9cJR7ZIxV7prYB_lfHtb3yP1gmLi3_PZpFEqQPNY1dUQJAz5s1WpM_GcqapiEWnMQmfh7NSGvEeYA7vS0KCbQzhPMfoK-CBCvjTMWoHOvRHAZgU0jcIKZpUvUSiwKk8ub70VSjhGvxsUeAilCckVNEUlH/s474/Zaynab%20image%20for%20article.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="248" data-original-width="474" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7tptyX5V3Zbtuul4oJGZObzGqFZtJbwF9cJR7ZIxV7prYB_lfHtb3yP1gmLi3_PZpFEqQPNY1dUQJAz5s1WpM_GcqapiEWnMQmfh7NSGvEeYA7vS0KCbQzhPMfoK-CBCvjTMWoHOvRHAZgU0jcIKZpUvUSiwKk8ub70VSjhGvxsUeAilCckVNEUlH/s320/Zaynab%20image%20for%20article.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Zaynab bint Jahsh was actually a cousin to the Prophet. As such, she would have been well-known to the Prophet through her life. The reports around her suggest that she had a sort of aristocratic upbringing and world-view, even after she accepted the message of the Prophet Muhammad. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Who was Zayd?</b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMGE7H8Dh5FAhzWYaR4MGHyN1lUzOXnf1qNdUGBNmFp5QWv3nb0cCMtXZGWHP07dWqGXuonzi-sk1OcgYjV2tB4vqpIs-QPcCPTq6S4aGmZkaCK9eEOEQ-2L1nEAC--XUa-SkmVEQ0SQ5wluDqy1VM-VTkfqCQuIvm1O-sQE-obAdr-1cy6cIP0gME/s1250/Zayd%20image%20for%20article.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1250" data-original-width="1250" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMGE7H8Dh5FAhzWYaR4MGHyN1lUzOXnf1qNdUGBNmFp5QWv3nb0cCMtXZGWHP07dWqGXuonzi-sk1OcgYjV2tB4vqpIs-QPcCPTq6S4aGmZkaCK9eEOEQ-2L1nEAC--XUa-SkmVEQ0SQ5wluDqy1VM-VTkfqCQuIvm1O-sQE-obAdr-1cy6cIP0gME/s320/Zayd%20image%20for%20article.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>Zayd Ibn Al Haarithah was an ex-slave, who eventually became the adopted son of the Prophet Muhammad (before the Prophethood). He was known to have deep respect and loyalty to the Prophet, to the point where his actual family came looking for him, and he (Zayd) prefered to stay with his adopted father. He was known as "Zayd ibn Muhammad" (Zaid, son of Muhammad).</p><p><br /></p><p>As an ex-slave, he would have come from a lower or despised part of society. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>What was the Prophet's agenda?</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieKUpMe4f38sgOnIKeV3-MN26xCXznKyptJaJsLLFWJUTzrMTKw-LMuXAHcgTltZK1oe87IEZOSiz2TVv1K71J7CWLDN9qvLPc9lasatzuiXD2_EyhYdctgG5ht_ce14_7wxvlmapvHe6gcTqXqIH9JHwwgUJFn9Gd9t3rWS7hZBSRwUnIn5Z5T9jf/s600/muhammad%20calligraphy.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEieKUpMe4f38sgOnIKeV3-MN26xCXznKyptJaJsLLFWJUTzrMTKw-LMuXAHcgTltZK1oe87IEZOSiz2TVv1K71J7CWLDN9qvLPc9lasatzuiXD2_EyhYdctgG5ht_ce14_7wxvlmapvHe6gcTqXqIH9JHwwgUJFn9Gd9t3rWS7hZBSRwUnIn5Z5T9jf/s320/muhammad%20calligraphy.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>We have to remember that according to all the reports, it was the Prophet himself who pushed for a marriage between Zayd and Zaynab to take place. The reports assert that Zaynab was reluctant, yet it ultimately happened. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Prophet's agenda here is addressing social divisions and class warfare. He initiated a number of actions towards greater social cohesion. In Madinah, he created "pacts of brotherhood" between members of varying tribes and classes, which proved to be very successful. His message was that of unity and breaking down harmful divisions. Even in the ritual prayer (salaah), the emphasis on being closely together is given. He is reported to have said " Establish the rows, shoulder to shoulder, close gaps, be accommodating to your brothers, and leave no breaches for the devil.." (Sunan Abu Dawud 666, reported by Ibn 'Umar)(ft.1).</p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'anic revelation itself is the foundation for his many actions, for the sake of brevity we cite only a few examples:</p><p><br /></p><p>" And among His (i.e. God's) signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the diversity of your tongues and colors, indeed, in that are signs for those of knowledge." (Q 30:21)</p><p><br /></p><p>"O Humanity. Indeed, WE (God) created you from a male and female, made you into peoples and groupings, so that you will know (each other)(ft.2), Indeed, the most honorable of you in Allah's sight are those with the most taqwaa(ft.3) in your midst, Indeed, Allah is knowing, aware" (Q 49:13)</p><p><br /></p><p>"And marry those among you who are single, and righteous, be they among your male or female servants. If they are poor, Allah will give them from his bounty, and Allah is expansive, full of knowledge ('Aleem)" (Q 24:32)</p><p><br /></p><p><b>The breakdown of the relationship between Zayd and Zaynab</b></p><p><br /></p><p>It is well-established from the sources that the marriage broke down. It can be described as irreconcilable differences. In fact, it is said that Zaynab herself said she could not even bear to look at Zayd, and agreed to return the dowry paid to her by Zayd, thus ending the relationship.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>What happens to Zaynab as a divorcee?</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Anyone with knowledge of Arab society, both in the past and present, can testify to the hardships a divorced woman will experience. Subsequent marriage was very difficult, if not impossible. Social stigmas are attached. </p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an itself states that the Prophet had tried to save the relationship between the two (Q 33:37), but those efforts failed. It was after that that the Prophet did marry her. </p><p><br /></p><p>The context of this section of <i>Soorah Al Ahzaab</i> shows that there was a Divine wisdom in this entire saga, which shall be explored in the sections below.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Adoption reformation</b></p><p>As previously mentioned, Arabian society viewed adopted children with the same lenses as biological children. While adoption, particularly of orphans, is a praiseworthy action, shown by a plethora of Quranic texts and statements of the Prophet, the actual lineage of the adopted parties must be preserved (if known) as much as possible. With the advent of DNA testing technology, this is a task made much easier. </p><p><br /></p><p>Q 33:5 states "Call them by (the names of ) their fathers.." Also see verse 4, 36 and 37. Islam asks that the family line, the biological ties, be preserved. As a side note, some of the salafi writers have used this argument to speak against the common practice among Western Muslims (converts to Islam from Non Muslim backrounds) of changing names to traditional Muslim names(ft.4).</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>The particular relevance to the Prophet's status</b></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgka72dVrN05FNHV3RQrJExZqCg9exUCvPc1CYmASh-n9V_MEa_D5W8yQi-KwlL0Yljboz3pRVZ4lIai9-6_TgyveTEMwVm0HLcvz_e_x0d8LXJPJvrBBQLFIuZhlPqquWGal8mvioDgpxMqFteULIib-UGjAkAbGI0QzY8oypk5b_CzOV-hGxYSh_n/s500/khatm%20an%20nabiyyeen%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="365" data-original-width="500" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgka72dVrN05FNHV3RQrJExZqCg9exUCvPc1CYmASh-n9V_MEa_D5W8yQi-KwlL0Yljboz3pRVZ4lIai9-6_TgyveTEMwVm0HLcvz_e_x0d8LXJPJvrBBQLFIuZhlPqquWGal8mvioDgpxMqFteULIib-UGjAkAbGI0QzY8oypk5b_CzOV-hGxYSh_n/s320/khatm%20an%20nabiyyeen%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>In this chapter we have the famous text declaring the Prophet Muhammad as the seal of the Prophets. It is important to note context as well as precision of words. </p><p><br /></p><p>"Muhammad is not the father of any of your males, rather, he is God's messenger, and the seal of the Prophets. And Allah has knowledge of all things." (Q 33:40).</p><p><br /></p><p>This shows us that marriage with Zaynab has three main benefits: {a) It demonstrates that the adoption reformation has taken place, placing emphasis on the preservation of the biological family line. (b) It removes a social stigma that was present with marriage with a divorcee. (c) It shows us that there will be no prophetic successor to Muhammad. Thus, Zayd is no longer to be called "The son of Muhammad". Indeed, the Prophet's actual biological sons died in their toddler stages. </p><p><br /></p><p>The latter is the most important in the Divine wisdom. While reformers and great teachers can always emerge, we are taught that the doors of<i> Nabuwwah</i> and scriptural revelation have come to an end, demonstrated by Q 33:40.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Concluding thoughts?</b></p><p><br /></p><p>The notion that Prophet Muhammad was so in love with Zaynab that he had to create false pretexts to be with her falls flat on its face when we examine the scriptural and historical evidence. Indeed, Karen Armstrong (a Non- Muslim religious scholar) has argued that not only had the Prophet always known Zaynab, but that whatever beauty there had been would have eliminated during the Makkan boycott in the previous period, a time in which Muslims were suffering starvation. </p><p><br /></p><p>The story that appears in some Muslim sources (that he saw her at her home in some state of undress) is more akin to the Biblical account of David (2 Samuel 11:2) has to be dismissed as fabricated. </p><p><br /></p><p>There is great wisdom in what actually happened with Zaynab, Zayd and the Messenger of God, and such hikmah is seen when studied deeply.</p><p><br /></p><p>May Allah be pleased with those who were close and faithful to the Prophet, and may Allah's peace and blessings be on all of the Prophets and messengers. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Footnotes</b></p><p><br /></p><p>(1) The Hanafi school has a more nuanced understanding of the text mentioned here, as well as the subsequent discussions on standing "foot-to-foot, shoulder to shoulder" in prayers. We have seen problems between Hanafis and Non Hanafis, the latter sometimes taking the reluctance of their Hanafi brothers to stand foot to foot as demonstrations of racism (in an American context). This issue is actually a <i>Fiqhi </i>difference and stems from a different understanding of the texts that surround these practices within Salaah. For a glance at this issue, please see Maulana Abdul Rahman Ibn Yusuf's article at the following link. .<a href="https://islamreigns.wordpress.com/2015/12/01/the-distance-to-be-kept-between-the-feet-during-salaat-hanafi-view/#:~:text=The%20gap%20to%20be%20left%20between%20a%20person%E2%80%99s,and%20humility%20%5Bsought%20in%20prayer%5D%20%5BRadd%20Al-Mukhtar%201%3A299%5D">See here </a></p><p><br /></p><p>(2) The term here is <i>Li'ta'aarafoo,</i> "in order to come to know" This refers to benefiting from other communities of humans, adding to the diversity of existence. This can be found in food, music, philosophy, fashion, and countless other examples. In other words, God is saying he made us intentionally different as a means for us to learn from each other. </p><p><br /></p><p>(3) <i>Taqwaa</i> is a rich word whose meaning depends on context. Here, awareness of God and other people is the appropriate rendering.</p><p><br /></p><p>(4) While the salafi position is understandable, I think that in a Western context, changing names is reflective of wanting a new life. In addition to this, the names African Americans typically carry are names given by the slave masters of generations past. Coming into Islam is a means to create a unique identity divorced from the past social crimes. It should be noted that Islam does NOT command changing names, unless the name carries a bad meaning. Thus, the hadeeth literature mentions that the Prophet changed someone named "war" (Harb) to "Calm" (Saleem), and "Ugly" (Qabeeh) to "handsome" (Jameel).</p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-11600818686509041072023-03-16T19:40:00.001-07:002023-03-16T19:41:22.504-07:00Personal Islam: creating a balance between public and private<p><b> Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>As individuals moving through life, perhaps even in differing locations, we are forced to learn what is useful and what is superfluous. There are battles worth fighting, there are likewise times when simply moving on is best. </p><p><br /></p><p>In a world connected by the internet, artificial intelligence, cellphones and social media networks, our movements are open to scrutiny and criticism. This is not restricted to politicians but is now accessible to everyone. Those with sufficient abilities can hack into a stranger's correspondence and even bank accounts, even going so far as to "dox" an ideological opponent or attempt to create situations wherein individuals are "canceled". </p><p><br /></p><p>Much of this stems from cultural acceptance of these possibilities as byproducts of modern life, as well as downplaying the harms that come from ill-intentioned characters. Thus, victims of stalking, assault and the like, can receive little to no sympathy, their lives existing as nothing more than a source of entertainment to strangers, friends and foes alike. </p><p><br /></p><p>It is my assertion that it is vital for people to create balances in an ever-connected world. The balance between being a responsible, public citizen and having privacy, a private life that should be respected by all. </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>A person's Islam</b></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM-NhUHN_8CQoyeAYwzU_yl4NMouYQm2qzAnT1z921yTD4xEntIAMZo9QkfNFK7jZAVFaEdB5UuNj_pirdTQPdOV9vPy330b283Qyq53FSWvlY2QdS6QMtKLQ4RJ_x_60A94rJUXDQIZMwTpNLajLSmpGS4DIDjXosl_ORDn1JBRBSwZOUP7ekvzio/s300/hadith%20on%20leaving%20alone%20that%20which%20does%20not%20concern%20him.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="225" data-original-width="300" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM-NhUHN_8CQoyeAYwzU_yl4NMouYQm2qzAnT1z921yTD4xEntIAMZo9QkfNFK7jZAVFaEdB5UuNj_pirdTQPdOV9vPy330b283Qyq53FSWvlY2QdS6QMtKLQ4RJ_x_60A94rJUXDQIZMwTpNLajLSmpGS4DIDjXosl_ORDn1JBRBSwZOUP7ekvzio/s1600/hadith%20on%20leaving%20alone%20that%20which%20does%20not%20concern%20him.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><div><br /></div>The above translation of the <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> (which appears in collections such as Imam An Nawawi's<i> Al Arba'oon an Nawawiyyah</i> and subjected to great analysis in Ibn Rajab Al Hanbali's<i> Jaami' al 'Uloom wal Hikam</i>) is very strong. On the outset, I would render the translation as "<u> From a person's pleasant Islamic (disposition) is his leaving (or abandoning) that which gives him no meaning." </u><div><br /></div><div>Either way, it shows us that nosiness, and the subsequent actions such as speculation, gossip, fake news and the like, are not characteristics that people should have or carry themselves in. </div><div><br /></div><div>In most of the Muslim cultures, (as an example) family affairs are deemed private, and it is deemed reprehensible for outsiders to engage in gossip and speculation on those matters, particularly if such behavior is engaged in by men. </div><div><br /></div><div>It would do well for Muslims and Non-Muslims alike to heed the wisdom of the Prophetic <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> cited above. Indeed, this narration counts as 25% of the texts necessary for a completed Islam, according to the <i>hadee<u>th</u></i> collector Imam Abu Dawud (d.889 C.E.). Thus, nosiness is in itself spiritually unhealthy. </div><div><br /></div><div>Simply put, if encountering speculation or information on a person, Our Prophet (<i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam)</i> is telling us to leave it alone, even if it involves individuals on the opposite side of strongly held ideological beliefs. The exceptions would be if something forbidden by clear religious teachings, crimes, communal harm and the like. In such cases, it is necessary to do something about it.</div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">لَا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">یُحِبُّ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اللّٰہُ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الۡجَہۡرَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">بِالسُّوۡٓءِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span aria-describedby="mui-28397" class="c231" style="background-color: #cccccc; border-radius: 3px; box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">مِنَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">الۡقَوۡلِ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اِلَّا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">مَنۡ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">ظُلِمَ </span></span><span class="c231" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; font-size: 34px; line-height: 1.8; pointer-events: none; text-align: right;">ؕ </span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">وَکَانَ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">اللّٰہُ </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">سَمِیۡعًا </span></span><span style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 34px; letter-spacing: 0.31892px;"><span class="c231" style="box-sizing: inherit; cursor: pointer; direction: rtl; font-family: ManzoorNaskh; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 1.8; text-align: right;">عَلِیۡمًا </span></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="text-align: right;"></div><blockquote><div style="text-align: right;">" Allah Loves not the expression of harm, except for those who have been wronged, Allah is the one who hears and knows." (Q 4:148) </div><div style="text-align: right;"></div></blockquote><div style="text-align: right;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: right;"><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Islam asks for a culture of respect.</b></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF94qgEVxIXTueBG1eQcAgB7ZQ8YdEmO-ua0bI-PrdJMyoMNL1S-FZqo655rLHryk5ZbapdVx_SQ-Y-V3EuJEVBpSQ1kObRCcGu88V5vokyprnGrfFvHMUIBW5cQJ9cLwjp86Mu4EwbbgV-QK1nb5yTUA-ij4pOIL4SAaWt0q5a4sDq3hQAUcGK3kl/s237/respect%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="237" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhF94qgEVxIXTueBG1eQcAgB7ZQ8YdEmO-ua0bI-PrdJMyoMNL1S-FZqo655rLHryk5ZbapdVx_SQ-Y-V3EuJEVBpSQ1kObRCcGu88V5vokyprnGrfFvHMUIBW5cQJ9cLwjp86Mu4EwbbgV-QK1nb5yTUA-ij4pOIL4SAaWt0q5a4sDq3hQAUcGK3kl/s1600/respect%20image.jpg" width="237" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>A quick perusal of the Qur'an shows us important yet often neglected teachings. Among those tidbits of guidance, we are told not to enter into the homes of others without explicit permission, that there are times of the day when privacy is to be expected and only interrupted with consent, be cognizant of time and comfort of your host, and not to overstep one's boundaries when dealing with the family of your host. (Q 24:27, 58, 33:53, 59).</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>What about public figures?</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Much of the Quranic texts cited above were involving the Prophet Muhammad himself, upon whom be peace. Undoubtedly, he was a public figure, as both a political leader and a person viewed by his followers as God's messenger, coming in a long line of Prophets who have graced humanity with their presence. </div><div><br /></div><div>Muhammad, although being a messenger of God, was still a human, with the same needs and struggles as other humans. A gentle, compassionate man by nature, he had the tendency to not vocalize if annoyed, offended, etc. </div><div><br /></div><div>Examples of these things are highlighted within the Qur'an in order to give lessons on human interaction. Thus, even he, as any other leaders, have the right to respect and for scrutiny/criticism not to be directed towards that which is not for the public.</div><div><br /></div><div>Yet, what is interesting is that this happened, not only from zealous or unaware Muslims, but more importantly from his foes. The Qur'an mentions repeatedly this as coming from "hypocrites" (enemies disguised as Muslims) and those with "diseased hearts." (33:53, 59, 60 et al).</div><div><br /></div><div>These types would find ways to harass the Prophet's wives, spread slanders and false stories. The Quranic revelation instructed his wives to have decorum in speech and dress, (33:32, 33 and 53) yet such actions from the hypocrites and those with diseased hearts continued!</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Thus, Muslims are instructed that while it arguably acceptable to engage critically with the thoughts, policies and beliefs of public figures, going after their families or family matters are totally unacceptable. The concept of "doxing" is totally forbidden insofar as Islam is concerned. This prohibition is a natural extension of the prohibition of backbiting, slander and gossip (Q 49:11-12)</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><b>Does privacy exist within a family itself?</b></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie1qLkVxTQKkKV7ED_eErZKU7kVjSP704_OrP7lJcXsOVZf7wx0uLOW5YNu4OJE7k-oqE-KKiAFfG3nvOgpinnwr9XsHQJ4qyiivx-3igfWtzskOYzclWyhqVvYZSDeRth430uiqKuOZ4xCpdTHtVk9hV05x9tgHHzBiiDeRqcIRb6DWHKz3-lu1cJ/s291/privacy%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="291" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEie1qLkVxTQKkKV7ED_eErZKU7kVjSP704_OrP7lJcXsOVZf7wx0uLOW5YNu4OJE7k-oqE-KKiAFfG3nvOgpinnwr9XsHQJ4qyiivx-3igfWtzskOYzclWyhqVvYZSDeRth430uiqKuOZ4xCpdTHtVk9hV05x9tgHHzBiiDeRqcIRb6DWHKz3-lu1cJ/s1600/privacy%20image.jpg" width="291" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div>Although a difficult and debatable question, it is our understanding that this extends even within the family unit itself. Minor children should be shielded as much as possible from the problems between their parents. It is unnecessary for each clan member to know your bank account balance.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Quranic story of Joseph (Yusuf, <i>'alayhis salaam</i>) highlights that jealousy emerged from his own family to the point where his own brothers contemplated his murder, before deciding on exile. </div><div><br /></div><div>His father, the Prophet and patriarch Jabob (Ya'qoob <i>'alayhis salaam</i>) advised him to keep certain things private, because he was cognizant of the hatred in the hearts of the other children (Q 12: 5, 7, 8-10).</div><div><br /></div><div>Similarly, the Qur'an has wisely stated that marriage problems be dealt with through only one "judge" (<i>hakaman)</i> from the wife's family, and one from the husband's family. (Q 4:35)</div><div><br /></div><div>Making such trauma bigger by involving more parties only complicates the situation. </div><div><br /></div><div><b>Conclusion</b></div><div><br /></div><div>Every situation is unique, as well as every culture. Our perceptions as individuals will vary. Our perception of what should be kept under wraps may differ from that of the readers, however as general principles, we should have the religious maturity to concentrate on what actually concerns us, and not enter into other people's business. </div><div><br /></div><div>This is a lesson that is delivered by the Qur'an and <i>Sunnah</i>. Some may argue that human curiosity prevails over religious slogans, yet as Muslims it is necessary to seek conformity to our religious sources. ( Q 33:71). Looked at from a different angle, no benefit is derived from knowing another person's news, good or bad. <u>The curious observer most likely will be unable or unwilling to help the object of their curiosity, so it is pointless to "investigate" in the first place.</u> </div><div><br /></div><div>In terms of "good news", it is my view that that should also be limited in public exposure. Attention from the jealous, hateful or envious can create it's own problems. I have long believed that the prohibition (for men) of wearing gold or silk- found within the Prophetic tradition- exists in order to limit jealousy, crime and other negative reactions from others. Modesty and humbleness should be exhibited by all parties (but especially those of wealth) in public. </div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><p><br /></p></div>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-66046305556307905012023-02-11T18:25:00.005-08:002023-02-11T18:25:47.899-08:00Simple and easy study methods<p><b> Introduction:</b></p><p>The necessity for learning is a universally accepted reality. Be it walking, talking, planting seeds, growing crops. grammar, mathematics and more, we are in a constant state of information increase, almost until the last moments of life itself. </p><p><br /></p><p>While it is true that there are innate abilities and interests that are unique to each individual, and that learning disabilities, social conditions, and mental health conditions can have an impact on educational goals, there are simple and easy ways to develop effective skills to retain, understand, and be successful in accomplishing such needs.</p><p>Below you will find some tips which I have utilized, which have benefited me greatly. The steps below have been divided into individual scenarios.</p><p><br /></p><p>(<b>1) In school (High school, university, or other)</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4EuoNbf2bitiQBd5zg-VxNdiHQ6JYig6Hhw16ss1xM52RLnN-Blyf8Y7j82uRcCrJzpfW4B5drBMhWR7JBifWKVKKSjgJWjmIeTIUXX8QnKlK5pCfwcIPxAoGDHWMySnyJK43bGYasKiuyAwYFOzIAL2JzxyVtjArzAF_bB8lH2KR2QeotCc_iNZq/s224/study%20image%201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="185" data-original-width="224" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4EuoNbf2bitiQBd5zg-VxNdiHQ6JYig6Hhw16ss1xM52RLnN-Blyf8Y7j82uRcCrJzpfW4B5drBMhWR7JBifWKVKKSjgJWjmIeTIUXX8QnKlK5pCfwcIPxAoGDHWMySnyJK43bGYasKiuyAwYFOzIAL2JzxyVtjArzAF_bB8lH2KR2QeotCc_iNZq/s1600/study%20image%201.jpg" width="224" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p><br /></p><p>In such an environment, classes are taken within certain time frames, with rules and methods often unique to the institution or the teacher(s). In a broad sense, it is important to have time disciplines, avoiding distractions (that are readily available today via mobile phones, internet etc), adequate sleep, income, diet, and even good peers. </p><p>Some subjects we have to study are actually not interesting nor relevant to our goals, but if they are required courses (and unable to switch to more pertinent classes), they must be tackled. Lectures, reading, taking notes, asking questions from instructors, all are necessary steps. </p><p><br /></p><p>While families should take steps to make the above easier to accomplish, it is incumbent on the student to create the environment most conducive to their own circumstances. Going to the library or park to study. Have notebooks(ft.1) dedicated to particular subjects/classes. If the subject under study is linguistic or scientific, as much immersion as possible is necessary. Living in a country where the language is spoken, study of literature, music, and the like. Attaining assistance from those capable people is also necessary.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizPoXBCoUEqgRMKh9ZA9Q36y7uVQAwW7wcMXWmgIiWczfuWl6cmms32n4tHl7dx6Cf6a7iSeA_wzPRtJY0cv6zJ4bDoEijK6hxkoDD9KLLVJv-z-Rd1I1jAdUu9LbY4bfs-eUlzPTtmhKQC11ntZtlEDGH_jJzEOTx0SNUTzUxcSrSN4Uv3xAlOFBd/s218/study%20in%20park%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="218" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizPoXBCoUEqgRMKh9ZA9Q36y7uVQAwW7wcMXWmgIiWczfuWl6cmms32n4tHl7dx6Cf6a7iSeA_wzPRtJY0cv6zJ4bDoEijK6hxkoDD9KLLVJv-z-Rd1I1jAdUu9LbY4bfs-eUlzPTtmhKQC11ntZtlEDGH_jJzEOTx0SNUTzUxcSrSN4Uv3xAlOFBd/s1600/study%20in%20park%20image.jpg" width="218" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>(2) Individual study</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIP6JhA4dZjVQNI7cm5-5S1ONCKb77OzRDEvxqkbJ2KEztWDo71pUjsTssr67xNLTfjKe6dyg3m-Rixvqr1NCUYT5qiAcXpt5QP6adJxtP1j_O0fIxzImzQNUat602Pssf_W3DW8z84ck4nPAQFN1Hez5dWXDcPd4gqyrLr6u77fuWbH3PpMC9L-n4/s245/study%20image%203.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="245" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIP6JhA4dZjVQNI7cm5-5S1ONCKb77OzRDEvxqkbJ2KEztWDo71pUjsTssr67xNLTfjKe6dyg3m-Rixvqr1NCUYT5qiAcXpt5QP6adJxtP1j_O0fIxzImzQNUat602Pssf_W3DW8z84ck4nPAQFN1Hez5dWXDcPd4gqyrLr6u77fuWbH3PpMC9L-n4/s1600/study%20image%203.jpg" width="245" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>This may be classified under informal study, in which there are no outside pressures, such as tests, deadlines, and the like are present. This could also be applicable (particularly to the elderly) in learning how to navigate the technology of the modern era. </p><p><br /></p><p>A great deal of patience and discipline is required here, and depending on which subject, it can be relatively simple. A person can simply have instructions in a conspicuous spot that explains how to use the computer or to enroll in automatic bill pay. That could be sufficient.</p><p><br /></p><p>However, for more complex topics, some more work would be required. Much of the advice from paragraph #1 above is applicable, but keep in mind that if no (physical) teacher is present, self-teaching a subject can result in internalizing incorrect information, because no one was there to give a correction, especially in language arts. </p><p><br /></p><p>It is for this reason that (depending on which area of study) a teacher is highly recommended, even in self-teaching. The teacher does not always have to be an actual academic, but rather sufficient enough to assist one's growth in the subject. That teacher does not need to think on behalf of the student. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb45V59Dp0vv9P4Has4YiEP2edpAvoX3EBxhSyQvhUKqD3grMo8VqYF2qIYQrTlh_chIO8OljaMwjGx5kggFYcyPvnIXfYXMnz8ZEIOk-pXxUKeRU1PVaCno1ZPxwBuLQ2eTfTjwG0nUxY1gR7ecdgYucoUv8wgYCiSczgtsSWhqUXKPrgtHUiQmI3/s232/teacher%20teaching.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="232" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb45V59Dp0vv9P4Has4YiEP2edpAvoX3EBxhSyQvhUKqD3grMo8VqYF2qIYQrTlh_chIO8OljaMwjGx5kggFYcyPvnIXfYXMnz8ZEIOk-pXxUKeRU1PVaCno1ZPxwBuLQ2eTfTjwG0nUxY1gR7ecdgYucoUv8wgYCiSczgtsSWhqUXKPrgtHUiQmI3/s1600/teacher%20teaching.jpg" width="232" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>There are countless institutes in operation today on every subject imaginable, even outside of academia. The internet, and particularly in a post-COVID era, has seen the emergence of mass online learning, via ZOOM and other such platforms. While this is very useful, it is still the view of this writer that whenever possible, interactions with those giving us academic assistance should be done in person, rather than in a virtual realm. </p><p><br /></p><p><i>(<b>3) Scriptural study</b></i></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH75t42rwiuufU6eXBh8oACtpZ2vk0-ARQ4VjE-P8KMmpICmmvfU5ldQEy6KZu2TonwLpDEY-FK8M7FkcuKpLuY3G_Pt8ZyseMNG4SZRnarE2ZavUUQkNaFc19G2ER_z4JmOZ1pRr6fFAtN6YkYvY9K8G8WBf6zq269PZ0KZ3HTNq_D2tvbcgqBQmE/s2200/Quran%20being%20taught%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1546" data-original-width="2200" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH75t42rwiuufU6eXBh8oACtpZ2vk0-ARQ4VjE-P8KMmpICmmvfU5ldQEy6KZu2TonwLpDEY-FK8M7FkcuKpLuY3G_Pt8ZyseMNG4SZRnarE2ZavUUQkNaFc19G2ER_z4JmOZ1pRr6fFAtN6YkYvY9K8G8WBf6zq269PZ0KZ3HTNq_D2tvbcgqBQmE/s320/Quran%20being%20taught%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>For Muslims, the Qur'an is the words of God, conveyed to the Prophet Muhammad. The word Qur'an itself carries the meaning of recitation, or that which is to be repeatedly read. The title is very appropriate when we consider the role it plays in the Islamic life. It is the central source of religious guidance, used in legal and cultural roles. </p><p><br /></p><p>Thus, we have to divide this discussion into (a) Memorization/Recitation (<i>Hifz/Qira'aat</i>) and (b) Understanding in a religious/academic role <i>(tafheem/tafseer)</i>(ft.#2)</p><p><br /></p><p>(a) The Qur'an is the core text recited in daily prayers. Thus, all practicing Muslims memorize some portions (ft.3). If the goal is to memorize selected portions for prayers, this can be done via a teacher, repeated listening to the mosque Imam recitation during communal worship (ft.#4), as well as YOUTUBE videos, CDs while driving, cleaning, etc. The mind can retain such texts just as we retain song lyrics. If the goal is to memorize the entire text, this- in my opinion- requires a teacher, discipline, time and patience. It can take years to accomplish. </p><p>For memorization of a particular text (such as <i>Ayatul Kursiyy</i>, 2:255 for example), after one or two of the daily prayers, play a recording of it, and after learning it, use it inside of your prayers. Indeed, rotate various Quranic passages for usage in daily prayers (ft.5)</p><p><br /></p><p>(b) Understanding the Qur'an: The Qur'an was given slowly to the Prophet Muhammad, <i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam,</i> therefore, we must also expect that it won't reveal its treasures overnight. While teachers are useful in conveying information on it, we should take heed that it is also a text which God himself teaches (Q 55:2). While I do consult <i>tafaseer</i> (Quranic commentaries) in seeking to understand texts, my methods can be summarized as follows: Notebooks, in which texts, commentaries, reflections, questions are all noted down and studied. Consultation of the original Arabic text, as well as linguistic resources(ft.5). For a more exhaustive presentation on this, see <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2015/11/how-to-connect-to-quran.html">This link </a>as well as <a href="https://www.facebook.com/TheMasjidIbrahim/videos/quran-study-methodology-session-presentation-by-imam-shamsuddin-waheed-/254545749676121/">this lecture</a></p><p><u>Bible stud</u>y</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg46l-RMmQ35st1KvmMfWdlFIC1hH2_TF_xSoa4PLMiRa-P0FwSgIr4xTwuZeV9Lmaj2ckVOA345aN0a1K8TIvMkCB62ensF-weOf7PmSbjnJL7eOrWUsldK2-Z6pod7TLNk-539q3PPcx3IC47vxutXaFj0xLZvZAwUb5CoQRhiw3Mt65-TQlftRdy/s298/bible%20study%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="199" data-original-width="298" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg46l-RMmQ35st1KvmMfWdlFIC1hH2_TF_xSoa4PLMiRa-P0FwSgIr4xTwuZeV9Lmaj2ckVOA345aN0a1K8TIvMkCB62ensF-weOf7PmSbjnJL7eOrWUsldK2-Z6pod7TLNk-539q3PPcx3IC47vxutXaFj0xLZvZAwUb5CoQRhiw3Mt65-TQlftRdy/s1600/bible%20study%20image.jpg" width="298" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>While I do not claim expertise in Biblical studies, I do study it, and generally follow the development of Biblical Hermeneutics as a religious and cultural field. I have found that writing notes in the back pages, highlighting passages, and notebooks have been very useful. There are also a number of Jewish and Christian scholars whose reflections are very deep in these regards. </p><p><br /></p><p>My personal library contains almost all of the English translations and commentaries on the market, and have benefited greatly from all of them, despite my theological differences (ft.#6). Thus, I won't make any recommendations on a particular Bible translation or version. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>General tips</b></p><p>(1) Use physical books for study when possible. Studying via e-books, audiobooks, PDF files, etc does not result in retaining the information nor in easier accessibility than physical books and notebooks.</p><p><br /></p><p>(2) Don't be afraid to ask or acknowledge weaknesses in a particular subject.</p><p>(3) Review your written materials, as well as any lecture videos, recordings, etc., on a regular basis.</p><p>(4) Try using (or at least discussing) new information, it will help in retaining and understanding the information.</p><p>(5) Have a strong social network, particularly in spiritual affairs or religious studies.</p><p>(6) Avoid distractions during study time.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Footnotes</b></p><p>(1) Notebooks should be big enough to note texts, questions and the like. I suggest employing various color pens and highlighters in order to access information later. This can be done on a laptop computer as well; however, I do not suggest a phone, tablet or I-PAD for these purposes.</p><p>(2) <i>Tafheem</i> means "understanding" while <i>Tafseer </i>means "explanation", the latter being the term employed for Quranic hermeneutical literature. All the Muslim sects have produced contributions to the <i>tafseer</i> genre, (much of which is not available in English), yet it is my view that <i>Tafheem</i> is a better term, because ultimately these all represent human efforts to grasp the Divine message, and as humans we are subject to human limitations. </p><p><br /></p><p>(3) After <i>Al-Faatihah</i>, the most memorized passages include chapters 112-114, because of their brevity and content, very useful for prayers. It is our suggestion that personal favorite Quranic passages be studied, memorized and used in prayers, as this has been another method for retaining knowledge. The "verse of God's light" (Q 24:35), or texts which speak of Divine mercy and the like are recommendations. </p><p><br /></p><p>(4) The Friday prayers <i>(Salaat al Jumu'ah</i>) is the most obvious example, but also the <i>fajr</i>, <i>ma<u>gh</u>rib</i> and <i>'ishaa</i> prayers, because in the first two standing postures of those prayers, the Quranic recitation is done aloud. (<i>Jahri</i>). Praying in a mosque or a communal setting during those times will allow for absorbing and memorizing texts, and eventually to employ the same texts for yourself. </p><p><br /></p><p>(5) There are a number of works from the classical periods of Muslim history which looks at the Qur'an from a linguistic perspective mainly, such as <i>Tafseer Al-Kas<u>hsh</u>aaf </i> (whose author died in 1143). Resources such as Lane's Lexicon are ideal for Quranic studies (and indeed, all English translations refer to <i>LL</i>). However, even though LL is in English, knowledge of Arabic language is still necessary in order to access its contents. Indeed, the Qur'an itself cannot be accessed from a truly deep position without Arabic language. There are some dictionaries on the market, whose focus is on Quranic vocabulary, yet even those works have limitations. For English readers interested in a mostly linguistic approach to the Qur'an would do well to read <i>The Message of the Qur'an,</i> the translation and commentary by Muhammad Asad. That work relies heavily on <i>Tafseer Al-Ka<u>shsh</u>aaf</i>. </p><p><br /></p><p>(6) While we have highlighted commonalities between the Bible and Qur'an in the following lecture <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-false-ideas-regarding.html">at this link</a> we have also shown significant differences and the reasons for that <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2021/12/a-deep-dive-into-false-ideas-regarding.html">here</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p> </p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-38260689003494637592022-12-05T14:40:00.019-08:002022-12-08T11:53:17.881-08:00Musa and Khidr: a brief reply to controversy <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdSqOZtXOaLwaDLynpLSll0Y98r5p0Z8UPrtbPhRyZg8-01w9vR8TJ3VNijoH_zHG_sRyZNkWv6cPxIjl6OyykXKG3RnIDvWquew9aNZNUfTLdvCJznKwOxejXDvy-VDQAGRKcmvAS1s-7kYHXOLjEg1QWaNqYaUt_C8auwAfjCTWRu9_lSC1S3FwD/s281/Musa%20and%20khidr%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="171" data-original-width="281" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdSqOZtXOaLwaDLynpLSll0Y98r5p0Z8UPrtbPhRyZg8-01w9vR8TJ3VNijoH_zHG_sRyZNkWv6cPxIjl6OyykXKG3RnIDvWquew9aNZNUfTLdvCJznKwOxejXDvy-VDQAGRKcmvAS1s-7kYHXOLjEg1QWaNqYaUt_C8auwAfjCTWRu9_lSC1S3FwD/s1600/Musa%20and%20khidr%20image.jpg" width="281" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>Our brothers and sisters in faith,</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><i>As salaamu 'alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakaatuh</i>. This post is meant to briefly address misunderstandings which have emerged as a result of comments I made during the Jumu'ah <i><u>Kh</u>utbah</i> two days ago in Las Vegas, Nevada.</div><div><br /></div><div>On the outset, I would like to say that I am like any other human being. I welcome discussion and questions, so as long as they are posed with decorum (<i>adab</i>). Moreover, I am able to make mistakes in speech, choice of words, and even conclusions, just like anyone else. It is for this reason that Muslims always have within our speeches the expression "God knows best" (<i>Allahu A'lam</i>), particularly when exploring scriptural texts.</div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div>With that said, it is important to say, as a matter of personal faith, that I <u>am</u> a believer in the Qur'an. I am 100% convinced that it is from God! I have no doubt that its contents are conveyed by Allah, that it is preserved and intact, from the time of revelation till now. The more information I encounter in life only reinforces this conviction. </div><div><br /></div><div><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="Only">إِنَّمَا</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="the believers"> ٱلْمُؤْمِنُونَ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="(are) those who"> ٱلَّذِينَ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="when"> إِذَا</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="is mentioned"> ذُكِرَ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="Allah"> ٱللَّهُ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="feel fear"> وَجِلَتْ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="their hearts"> قُلُوبُهُمْ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="and when"> وَإِذَا</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="are recited"> تُلِيَتْ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="to them"> عَلَيْهِمْ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="His Verses"> ءَايَـٰتُهُۥ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="they increase them"> زَادَتْهُمْ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="(in) faith"> إِيمَـٰنًۭا</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="and upon"> وَعَلَىٰ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="their Lord"> رَبِّهِمْ</span><span style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0c0c0c; font-family: lateef; font-size: 35px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;" tooltip="they put their trust"> يَتَوَكَّلُونَ</span></div><div><br /></div><div><blockquote>" Verily, believers are only those when Allah is mentioned, their hearts are moved. And when His signs (i.e. Quranic verses) are related to them, it increases them in faith (<i>imaanan</i>), and upon their Sustainer they have reliance" ( Q 8:2)</blockquote></div><div><br /><p>During the <i><u>kh</u>utbah</i>, I mentioned in passing that I am more inclined to take the account of Moses (Prophet Musa, <i>'alayhis salaam</i>) encounter with the mysterious teacher known as <u>Kh</u>idr (a name meaning "greenish", an allusion to fresh, healthy knowledge) in metaphorical terms. </p><p><br /></p><p>Let me clarify, metaphor does <b>not</b> equate fiction nor something fake. In this context, the intended meaning of my words is that there are important lessons that are being delivered to the readers by means of the account, some of which were highlighted within the <u>kh</u>utbah itself. </p><p><br /></p><p> </p><p><br /></p><p>While it is acknowledged by all hands that symbolic terminology exists within the texts of the Qur'an and <i>Su<u>nn</u>ah,</i> disagreements naturally arise as to which texts fall under the category of clear and which are open to interpretation. The Qur'an itself speaks on this " He it is who sent down upon you (O Muhammad) The scripture, of it are verses of decisive character (<i>Aayaatun Muhkamaat</i>) , they are the foundational for the scripture (<i>ummul Kitaab</i>), and others are flexible in understanding (<i>mutashaabihaat)</i>...and none knows its (ultimate) explanation (<i>Ta'weel</i>) except Allah and those grounded in knowledge (<i>war raasikhoona fil 'ilm</i>): They assert "We believe in it, all of it is from Our Lord's presence" and none grasp (all of) this except those of understanding " ( Q 3:7)</p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="background-color: white; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87); font-family: ManzoorNaskh; font-size: 34px; text-align: right;">ہُوَ الَّذِیۡۤ اَنۡزَلَ عَلَیۡکَ الۡکِتٰبَ مِنۡہُ اٰیٰتٌ مُّحۡکَمٰتٌ ہُنَّ اُمُّ الۡکِتٰبِ وَاُخَرُ مُتَشٰبِہٰتٌ ؕ فَاَمَّا الَّذِیۡنَ فِیۡ قُلُوۡبِہِمۡ زَیۡغٌ فَیَتَّبِعُوۡنَ مَا تَشَابَہَ مِنۡہُ ابۡتِغَآءَ الۡفِتۡنَۃِ وَابۡتِغَآءَ تَاۡوِیۡلِہٖ ۚ وَمَا یَعۡلَمُ تَاۡوِیۡلَہٗۤ اِلَّا اللّٰہُ ۘؔ وَالرّٰسِخُوۡنَ فِی الۡعِلۡمِ یَقُوۡلُوۡنَ اٰمَنَّا بِہٖ ۙ کُلٌّ مِّنۡ عِنۡدِ رَبِّنَا ۚ وَمَا یَذَّکَّرُ اِلَّاۤ اُولُوا الۡاَلۡبَابِ ﴿۸</span><br /><br /><p></p><p>The goal of Divine revelation is to give us direction, a firm foundation in both religious and worldly senses. It employs both direct and subtle means to accomplish this, and similarly delivers guidelines which are easily recognized. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Is there any precedent for symbolic interpretations of Moses and <u>Kh</u>idr account among <i>Ahlus Sunnah wal jamaa'ah?</i></b></p><p><br /></p><p>The account only appears in <i>Soorat al Kahf,</i> a text which reports in the hadeeth literature assert provides protection from false messianic figure (<i>Al Maseeh id Dajjal</i>) as well as a light from week to week (the latter being the source for the practice of reading it on Fridays). Thus, it has a theological, practical and phycological importance. </p><p><br /></p><p>While a number of thinkers and scholars within the Islamic community have, throughout the centuries, opined rather interesting allegorical interpretations, the outstanding voices within Ahlus Su<u>nn</u>ah that shared this include figures such as Naasirudeen Al Baydawi (d. 1319 c.e.). His famous Quranic exegesis, <i>Anwaar at tanzeel wa Asraar at-ta'weel</i>, better known as <i>Tasfeer Al Baydawi</i>, in speaking on the text which introduces the account, writes "It is said that the two oceans are Moses and Khidr, Moses was ocean of outer knowledge (<i>ilm u<u>dh</u> <u>dh</u>aahir</i>) and Khidr was knowledge of the inner (<i>'ilmul Baatin)."</i> ( <i>Tafseer Al Baydawi</i>, vol. 3, pg. 287, Beirut, Lebanon, <i>Mu'assat Tareeekhul 'Arabi </i>edition).</p><p><br /></p><p>Zama<u>khsh</u>ari, (d. 1143) in his famed commentary (Al <i>Ka<u>shsh</u>aaf</i>) has said similar words. " Some of the commentaries assert "Verily, the two oceans are Moses and Khidr, for the two of them were certainly two oceans of knowledge (<i>li-annahumaa kaanaa bahrayni fil 'ilm</i>). (Al <i>Kashshaaf</i>, vol.1, pg 537, Beirut, Darul Kitaab al Arabi edition). Remember that in the account, Moses, peace be upon him, had made a vow to travel to the junction of the two oceans. There, he meets <u>Kh</u>idr, and the above exegetes have shared how they themselves embody those oceans, i.e., two types of knowledge, an allegorical image.</p><p><br /></p><p>It is worth noting that the term "metaphor" is found within the <i>Soorah</i> itself, (32, 45, and 54). In 18:54, it tells us that the Qur'an employs "every (type of) metaphor" (<i>kulli mathalin</i>) to benefit people.</p><p><br /></p><p>There is acceptable divergence allowed in hermeneutics, this is part of spiritual and intellectual growth. Nonetheless, I pray that this brief post allows that the confusion has been cleared up, <i>wa billaahit Tawfeeq. </i></p><p><i><br /></i></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p></div>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-87218240355444139482022-11-14T14:20:00.001-08:002022-11-18T15:03:14.536-08:00Which of your faith's or tradition's beliefs do you consider to be universal?<p> We recently participated in a panel discussion with representatives of various faiths, sharing beliefs or values deemed universal. It was well-attended, with a robust question and answer session. </p><p><br /></p><p>Timestamps of the program are found below.</p><p><br /></p><p>35:15- Aleda Nelson opening remarks </p><p>42:40- Moderator Elham Roohani opening remarks, introducing the speakers and format.</p><p>50:43 Michael Gobaud (atheist)</p><p>59:00 Pastor Kelcey West (Christian)</p><p>1:04 Imam Shamsuddin Waheed (Islam)</p><p>1:13 Martine Hubbard (Baha'i)</p><p>1:21 Rev.Claire Summerhill (Center for Spiritual Living)</p><p>1:30- Q and A session.</p><p><br /></p><p>The link to this program can be found <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEKEGTZNppQ">Here</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Some photos can be found below.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEsRZy-d3tidz_5bH_nduzdJYL421ZXlJrzI0Lti--LTnNDaZbR9rjuKwCmvpY6QPdPgywGArEfkni-NPMII-sfBHcwT4l6b8ivNkIGzvzxx_0GrdnNQX9ShZfHejRzHiRKidcVOEynz15FIGh9F2EqSIUjT9jDv6tAwwCpblZxRZKXNd2_j3cVW0v/s2048/IMG-20221114-WA0035.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEsRZy-d3tidz_5bH_nduzdJYL421ZXlJrzI0Lti--LTnNDaZbR9rjuKwCmvpY6QPdPgywGArEfkni-NPMII-sfBHcwT4l6b8ivNkIGzvzxx_0GrdnNQX9ShZfHejRzHiRKidcVOEynz15FIGh9F2EqSIUjT9jDv6tAwwCpblZxRZKXNd2_j3cVW0v/s320/IMG-20221114-WA0035.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4SohPHi02QwQ27xlhymb3f5icdPG07r4WwyVtRk6WN5-CVHafv1IFH8e4BRi43dFgdfOLeiXuaJnugpRio0fY7H1Jr3pweVfQaQD5F0E1Bpn2uIDbwfpxeFy9K0Xsw0yIURMYrdN441J7dtCJLosTLtx4OMWWfQWI_Cg5bl5p2a7jOPMG69Wpw50_/s2048/IMG-20221114-WA0033.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4SohPHi02QwQ27xlhymb3f5icdPG07r4WwyVtRk6WN5-CVHafv1IFH8e4BRi43dFgdfOLeiXuaJnugpRio0fY7H1Jr3pweVfQaQD5F0E1Bpn2uIDbwfpxeFy9K0Xsw0yIURMYrdN441J7dtCJLosTLtx4OMWWfQWI_Cg5bl5p2a7jOPMG69Wpw50_/s320/IMG-20221114-WA0033.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="1003" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUaaP2GlkhNpdzjpOWRH3KXXL18NmjnIENWn84hZ_cjhfujJkH4sLVRBsQADGgy_kPLS5jJfNPBY8epjly2xCrxLgOH5awvRD3sp6ZpGXSlTqE3VwM8QvQg7d2Wm90ppqno1HC9iBrS_gWVdY2ZlY17wsW2vm36N43OFshNtyZBPgYglWw3WmMSqFX/s320/forum%20audience%202.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div><br /></div>We must acknowledge the gracious hosts from the Baha'i center of Las Vegas for their hospitality. <br /><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-27719684003848203062022-11-05T16:03:00.003-07:002022-11-05T16:03:12.891-07:00The role of men in Islam: Some reflections on commonly asked questions<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
role of men in Islam: some reflections on commonly asked questions<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Introduction<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">While there have always been cultural differences between
groups, a certain amount of uniformity existed amongst all, particularly when
it comes to the biological and social functions of men and women. Men would be
deemed the de facto head of the households, and women would carry
responsibilities within the family.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This has certainly changed, not only in the West, but
increasingly around the world. The reasons and general implications of these
changes are beyond the scope of this presentation, nonetheless it is prudent to
address some commonly asked questions from an Islamic perspective. I am cognizant
that the following views are debatable, and I welcome respectful dialogue. I
would also like to point out that this article does not endorse any actions or
attitudes that bring forth familial and social disasters. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">(1) Masculine leadership</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9TwjfwIgI1AxSjP3XqZQYJiZHndRIP9inL1gvSWBGsH1LCLG0YsjVu3Xv1RcEiDNSL6bPwKkmcjjAorl23umkU5rWrAip52wky9Fe3NcX07jKwiJF-a7vDI9rUaDbQB3-AtcXSQ680QIdOGA3qEMOBGHfNVZISVRLyU9qczM4azjYRNn4NWE7o7Uz" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1334" data-original-width="2000" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh9TwjfwIgI1AxSjP3XqZQYJiZHndRIP9inL1gvSWBGsH1LCLG0YsjVu3Xv1RcEiDNSL6bPwKkmcjjAorl23umkU5rWrAip52wky9Fe3NcX07jKwiJF-a7vDI9rUaDbQB3-AtcXSQ680QIdOGA3qEMOBGHfNVZISVRLyU9qczM4azjYRNn4NWE7o7Uz" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The need for organization is universally recognized. In
fact, we have countless examples of it in nature. Bees are organized into
<b>Queens, workers and drones</b>. The beehive itself is set up to maximize productivity
and storage. The Qur’an (16:68) actually makes a reference to their cognitive
abilities and their organizational activity, referring to it as products of
Divine inspiration.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In a similar fashion, the Qur’an has mentioned what a
healthy structure is supposed to look like:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">“The Men are responsible <i>(Qawwamoona ‘alaa)</i> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for the maintenance of (their) ladies: in that
God has consistently delivered those (abilities) over (the same to) others, and
in that they (the men) spend of their means (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">amwaalihim</i>)... “Q 4:34) <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The above text mentions responsibilities and places emphasis
on financial arrangements. These two items certainly translate into different
things for different people, and admittedly can vary from era to age. The term <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Qawaamoon</i> carries the meaning of holding
up, on a regular basis, a healthy establishment.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> </p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">This can take the form of protection, advice, and guidance
from a more rational basis. In terms of financial arrangements, ultimately this
a guarantee of relative security, rather than a whimsical or temporary
relationship.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">(2) Polygamy</p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(1<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKU1t4vRGI-7p-5Exof-MnV7lB2FfocDvLnDDLiGM7855DYS_2bvDPleb6qSLLwECmmJ-yulT1fz17jkY4lS4ST2a0LxyRIYZjRCKRo_HL9--nxqC76FcuFTqVnSKZ20UgMbWDzMGbXxEXbSRO9R-acFK4UMoT-Ba7Faja2SVqvdCsmVV8Y5kjQcgs" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left; text-indent: -24px;"><img alt="" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="319" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiKU1t4vRGI-7p-5Exof-MnV7lB2FfocDvLnDDLiGM7855DYS_2bvDPleb6qSLLwECmmJ-yulT1fz17jkY4lS4ST2a0LxyRIYZjRCKRo_HL9--nxqC76FcuFTqVnSKZ20UgMbWDzMGbXxEXbSRO9R-acFK4UMoT-Ba7Faja2SVqvdCsmVV8Y5kjQcgs=w322-h181" width="322" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -24px;"> </span></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoNormal">Undoubtedly a sensitive topic for women, Islam has allowed
it, as illustrated in the following text:<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">“So marry women of your choosing: two, three or four, yet if
you fear inability to be just, then one (<i>waahidah</i>),
or from <i>malakat aymaanukum</i>,(ft.1) that is most suitable to prevent injustice” (
Q 4:3).<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">A reading of the context reveals that the idea is simply a
form of protection for those who are isolated, alone, without families or
familiar support (<i>al yataamaa</i>). The Qur’an
has not been silent on social needs, this is a faith which recognizes the
realities of the world. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">
</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(3)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Is there any physical disciplining allowed in
Islam? <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">This topic deserves a great deal of analysis,
as there are many misconceptions on this. The Qur’an summarizes the wife’s duty
as “guarding what God would have them guard..” which is understood to include
family wealth, private information as well as (most importantly) intimate
relations. It says further that when there is risk of the above being violated,
the husband is to (a) inform her tactfully (<i>fa’i<u>dh</u>oo-hu<u>nn</u>a</i>),
(b) sleep separately ( <i>ihjurunu<u>nn</u>a fil madaaji’i</i>) , and
(c) take a physical step <i>(idribuhu<u>nn</u>a</i>).<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">The “physical step” has been given in the
Prophetic Sunnah as NOT domestic abuse, but rather showing displeasure by
using- for an example- a tooth brush <i>(Miswak</i>).
Moreover, we are told directly in the <i>hadee<u>th</u></i>
literature (<b>saheeh Muslim 2328</b>) that
Prophet Muhammad never hit a woman. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">Moreover, the term <i>idrib</i> has a plethora of alternative meanings, both in the Qur’an
itself as well as usages in Arabic, including to leave, to propose/explain
(ft.2) . This has led many to suggest that the meaning is simply for the man to
depart from the relationship in which the woman has showed disrespect of the
basic duties (<i>Nushooz</i>). <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">Most have understood a-c above as the
sequence of steps to take to resolve the negative situation, while the great
jurist Imam Abu Hanifa (d. 767 C.E.) has taken the above as choices, rather
than sequential steps.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p>
</o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">There is some guidance on this aspect from
the traditions of the Prophet that relate to other matters. He has
categorically stated that the faces should <b>not</b>
be struck, and that believers are <u>not to bring harm to each other</u>. Thus,
putting all of this together, it seems to be suggesting that in those times
that harmony is needed, that the healthy, mature husband is to take action to safeguard
the family, to use an analogy, to push a person out of the way of an incoming
vehicle, as a means to save their life.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><o:p>
</o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">This should never translate into domestic
violence, abuse or harm of any type, as such would be inconsistent with Islamic
values.</p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(4)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Dress<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"><o:p> </o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH0q8xB6j6wNG3rtvIKMCZITSkXriZbmoOTmEYXHbmG5A3mh3_TlKkrFiVy8msKxT92mM9ntkU5y9P-FZlWr7XWRB0pEXm65bCgnd-ZP4KMvlpSLXsCfjm5dWZ7puuO_zQE9tPGpaSbwMvlevHY3OUZCG4wd6h07vi48KVf7DnhiTjlFgyvUdkCwVK/s900/Free-shipping-2017-Muslim-abaya-shirt-dress-Islamic-turkish-dubai-Islamic-clothing-Muslim-kaftan-abaya-Chiffon.webp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="900" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH0q8xB6j6wNG3rtvIKMCZITSkXriZbmoOTmEYXHbmG5A3mh3_TlKkrFiVy8msKxT92mM9ntkU5y9P-FZlWr7XWRB0pEXm65bCgnd-ZP4KMvlpSLXsCfjm5dWZ7puuO_zQE9tPGpaSbwMvlevHY3OUZCG4wd6h07vi48KVf7DnhiTjlFgyvUdkCwVK/s320/Free-shipping-2017-Muslim-abaya-shirt-dress-Islamic-turkish-dubai-Islamic-clothing-Muslim-kaftan-abaya-Chiffon.webp" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
</p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">Men and women are both expected to dress with
decorum and modestly in public. The precise clothing varies according to
personal and cultural/environmental tastes. For more details, see <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2022/01/just-what-is-allowed-and-not-allowed-in.html">Shamsuddin
Waheed: Just what is allowed and not allowed in Islam? Addressing some commonly
asked questions</a> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2022/01/just-what-is-allowed-and-not-allowed-in.html">at this link</a><br /></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"> <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 58.5pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"><!--[if !supportLists]-->(5)<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Equality between men and women<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIVExBec5Yc3NDuVaNJZOYqilaSf_uouJ7h_W1tOQYlY2xWhTi3t6tbZyky1PsrJqNlHKoGTkCaLGEUFp1aSg6izq5o60PERI2zKADdcfLHH5Pl3JlBzjuQv0vM7DxJyvNYCheZHwvyaeJRiGkxwatR3GPmy2W8nEpyhHLQwgfiiRQ4QI396lUpmZ0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="264" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIVExBec5Yc3NDuVaNJZOYqilaSf_uouJ7h_W1tOQYlY2xWhTi3t6tbZyky1PsrJqNlHKoGTkCaLGEUFp1aSg6izq5o60PERI2zKADdcfLHH5Pl3JlBzjuQv0vM7DxJyvNYCheZHwvyaeJRiGkxwatR3GPmy2W8nEpyhHLQwgfiiRQ4QI396lUpmZ0" width="320" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">The Qur’an certainly says that there are ways in which men
and women are different, including that of physical strength. This is the
typical pattern in human beings. <o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">However, in the most important areas, we clearly see a
spiritual equality, in the sense that both genders are equal in the sight of
Allah. The Qur’an says “VERILY, for all men and women who have surrendered
themselves unto God, and all believing men and believing women, and all truly
devout men and truly devout women, and all men and women who are true to their
word, and all men and women who are patient in adversity, and all men and women
who humble themselves [before God], and all men and women who give in charity,
and all self-denying men and self-denying women and all men and women who are
mindful of their chastity, and all men and women who remember God
unceasingly: for [all of] them has God readied forgiveness of sins and a mighty
reward.” (Q 33:35 Muhammad Asad translation)<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p><p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"><o:p>
</o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">The Qur’an also states that both have a chance of paradise of
hellfire, contingent upon their thinking process and actions ( Q 33:73).<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Footnotes</p><p class="MsoNormal">(1) <span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">The
concept of </span><i style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">milk-ul-yameen</i><span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> has
traditionally been understood as sexual slavery: we reject that assertion, in
light of Quranic evidence, for which, see </span><a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2018/05/does-islam-sanction-slavery.html" style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">Shamsuddin
Waheed: Does Islam sanction slavery?</a> <a href="https://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2018/05/does-islam-sanction-slavery.html">see link here</a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">(2) <span style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">For
other Quranic examples, see 4:101, 3:156, 14:24, 25 and other verses.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-26237556654983679592022-09-09T19:51:00.000-07:002022-09-09T19:51:04.354-07:00THE INTERSECTION BETWEEN THE OCCULT AND HUMAN LIFE<p> <b>Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>The following are just a <i>few</i> observations, made in light of things that I have seen (largely in the course of my work) in the last three years. The paranormal or the occult is certainly a field that I have had no prior interest in, nor have done intensive studies of, but <i>repeated cases and situations </i>have inspired me to seek out information from reliable sources, and to understand (and hopefully apply) the perspective as derived from Islamic sources.</p><p><br /></p><p>This article is by no means exhaustive, nor does it claim to be authoritative. Feedback is welcomed and appreciated. I have had discussions with those who have had a deep background in the occult world and its varied aspects and have taken the time to study one important authoritative text on this subject, written by an academic sympathetic to the occult. However, this article will not cite either the persons in discussion, or the important text-source. The former is to respect the privacy of such people, who have made efforts to change their lives towards a direction of submission to God as portrayed in the Islamic faith, while the former I have opted not to share the title because <b>I do not want to encourage reading of that text, nor of any text associated with the paranormal</b>. I have looked at these subjects only out of necessity, as a means to understand what others are facing as well as attaining protection with God from that realm for myself. The religion of Islam has actually <u>forbidden</u> Muslims to interact with the paranormal, and even that which resembles that realm. Although there are many<i> ahadee<u>th</u></i> (sayings of the Prophet Muhammad, <i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>) on this subject, it seems sufficient to quote only one: </p><p><br /></p><p></p><blockquote>'Abdullah ibn Mas'ood reported that the Messenger of Allah said " Indeed, spells, amulets and charms are (manifestations of) idolatry (<i>shirkun</i>)." (<i>Sunan Abi Dawud</i> 3883).</blockquote><p></p><p><br /></p><p><b>The occult in the modern world</b></p><p><br /></p><p>While it is fashionable to view the occult as obscure rituals, conducted secretly in an isolated location, the reality is that those who openly worship Satan, as well as those who generally have occult interests, or a hatred of religion generally, are often placed in positions of influence, in particular the areas of entertainment, fashion, and the like. One example is the sci-fi writer Don Webb. Another example is Michael A.Aquino, involved in the dissemination of a text known as<i> The Satanic Bible.</i> A quick search online can reveal that he was an academic, seemingly with a life-long interest in the occult, he reportedly saw himself as the "beast" referred to in the Book of Revelations(ft.1). Earlier in his career, he was involved in psyc-ops, using heavy metal music as torture on Vietnamese prisoners.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwfs6B2jn6UmCkByciZ8cMdsz1lBcFK1T5oNeI7voLTmry4I4syhPDzTPppHkFlbdhOso_nqVngrccLmwbmMPWgP7J3hFiPCbNkiP2_6izWsSHvSt9SdWSvaWKRIGIMOLR8T8W4T9JK8fRJVLjSunLul05AVtIxxmQl7bkz2E-Psv-0objve_mcGOa/s276/don%20webb%20satanist%20leader%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="276" data-original-width="196" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwfs6B2jn6UmCkByciZ8cMdsz1lBcFK1T5oNeI7voLTmry4I4syhPDzTPppHkFlbdhOso_nqVngrccLmwbmMPWgP7J3hFiPCbNkiP2_6izWsSHvSt9SdWSvaWKRIGIMOLR8T8W4T9JK8fRJVLjSunLul05AVtIxxmQl7bkz2E-Psv-0objve_mcGOa/s1600/don%20webb%20satanist%20leader%20image.jpg" width="196" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Many of the popular television shows are produced by agnostics, and they are not shy to share their views on religion as being a primitive force. Seth Macfarlane is a good example. Producer of shows such as FAMILY GUY, AMERICAN DAD and others. He is an open atheist, and any regular viewer of FAMILY GUY can easily recall episodes which ridicule religion.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZEIq79DyJzKyuosTAgwP006K_YMte4cG-YMYU_l3Dfu5EQRo_hOaJrMmhve1Msny66e1AKFMSK4tdDUV3LtJ8QzwMhwM7qh5nCQgThl3exSNHTAl6frcAsCfxx08rQhonADnji7FaZAPRKyaiOZPwmRwYfk9EsseV1nSQOcIh1glEX7JwYUBWde9d/s306/family%20guy%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="306" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZEIq79DyJzKyuosTAgwP006K_YMte4cG-YMYU_l3Dfu5EQRo_hOaJrMmhve1Msny66e1AKFMSK4tdDUV3LtJ8QzwMhwM7qh5nCQgThl3exSNHTAl6frcAsCfxx08rQhonADnji7FaZAPRKyaiOZPwmRwYfk9EsseV1nSQOcIh1glEX7JwYUBWde9d/s1600/family%20guy%20image.jpg" width="306" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>These are just a few examples of influential figures presenting their social agendas in the guise of entertainment.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>The messages coming from entertainment coinciding with occultic agendas</b></p><p>While it can be argued that individual producers, entertainers, etc. are not (knowingly) involved with the occult, let's take a moment to look at the messages delivered to viewers. These shows (which are actually cartoons, which would naturally be appealing to young children) promote disrespect of family structure, deviant sexual practices, hedonistic behavior, abandonment of faith, and extreme individualism. </p><p><br /></p><p>The above are all well established as agendas for Satanists. It has been observed that they tend to present their worldview as one which seeks an escape from social restrictions, often having their origin in religiously inspired values. </p><p><br /></p><p>It is my understanding that <u>the proliferation and normalization of intoxicants, single parent homes, the hook-up culture, and so much more are in line with the devilish agenda.</u></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Startling Quranic information on Satan that parallels with the modern world</b></p><p>(1) Satan "whispers" to humans, encouraging them to disrobe. (Q 7:20). </p><p>(2) Demonic company is preferred by those without faith (Q 7:27).</p><p>(3) Devilish types are selfish by nature, and encourage others to be the same mentality, hoarding wealth, neither investing in business (which promotes economic growth broadly) nor spending in charity (acts which are done to lift up humans in need) (Q 17:27).</p><p><br /></p><p>(4) The breaking up of families, in the name of petty jealousies and the like (Q 12:100).</p><p><br /></p><p>(5) Satan uses people's stresses and anxiety as a means of attack. (Q 38:41)</p><p><br /></p><p>(6) The promotion of "virtual" reality, as opposed to what is actually real (Q 6:71, 47:25).</p><p>(7) The promotion of intoxicants, gambling, and occult rituals (Q 5:90-91).</p><p><br /></p><p>The above parallels are apparent for any who is willing to observe carefully. Thus, it is imperative that we are cognizant of the manner by which Satan inflicts damage.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>What about mental health?</b></p><p><br /></p><p>This article does not deny that there are many cases of legitimate mental health problems, which has its own methods of treatment. It can be argued (as it has actually been argued by the authors of <i>Broke in America: Seeing, Understanding and Ending U.S. poverty</i>) that many of the conditions mentioned above are in fact the reasons mental health problems exist. After all, those isolated from their families would naturally have reasons to feel insecure.</p><p><br /></p><p>While it cannot be denied that mental health issues occur, both in a "satanic" and "non-satanic" context, treatment of it has to be physical, moral, social and spiritual. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>The occult and relationships</b></p><p>A recurring theme, crossing religious and cultural lines, is the usage of the occult for positive romantic relationships. Spells, curses, amulets, voodoo dolls, and more have been employed to break up relationships, destroy families and create conditions for one person to attain the object of their romantic interest.</p><p>The Qur'an mentions a rather profound example of this. The passage (Q 2:102-103) mentions both the kingdom of Solomon and Babylon in connection to figures who would be involved in teaching methods to break up couples. While the passage has much that needs to be discussed further (ft.2), it should be sufficient here to say that the Islamic religion has totally outlawed such activities. Rather, one should pray to God. The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) has taught famously the prayer for seeking assistance in these regards known as the<i> Istikhaarah</i> prayer (ft.3), and the Qur'an itself has a short <i>du'aa</i> (supplication) that teaches us -in a summarized fashion- that we should avoid obsessions and whimsical attachments, but rather seek that which will be a comfort in this life! For this supplication, go to Q 25:76.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8bSnHotRFmVqXVjuHQ5dftTLD14jSz3epkaSrOumUNZBeqLfo7kTrcoop2tstX4LfY1dPOcLtxCAJztf3laZDBBnV9jA9DAEg9-Qek2bWnmtAIbsoAOHPgW6NzEusUywP-5C26XdTwbHQjrzxni694gSnq9wrXosU_9nbzxKOGg4ta97-wGzbB2VR/s924/rabbana%20hab%20lana%20min%20azwaajinaa%20image.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="315" data-original-width="924" height="109" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8bSnHotRFmVqXVjuHQ5dftTLD14jSz3epkaSrOumUNZBeqLfo7kTrcoop2tstX4LfY1dPOcLtxCAJztf3laZDBBnV9jA9DAEg9-Qek2bWnmtAIbsoAOHPgW6NzEusUywP-5C26XdTwbHQjrzxni694gSnq9wrXosU_9nbzxKOGg4ta97-wGzbB2VR/s320/rabbana%20hab%20lana%20min%20azwaajinaa%20image.png" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Jinns</b></p><p><i>Jinns</i>, be they positive or negative, belong to the unseen world, and can largely be associated with the occult. Islam teaches that we are to avoid interaction with that world, and the last two chapters of the Qur'an (<i>Soorah Al Falaq</i> and <i>An Naas</i>) are very affective, when recited, as protection from those invisible forces.</p><p><br /></p><p>The <i>hadeeth</i> literature (<i>saheeh Al Bukhari</i> 61:530) has also recorded the importance of the recitation of the "throne verse" (<i>Ayatul Kursiyy</i> 2:255) before sleeping. The text speaks of God concept in a clear and beautiful fashion, granting a strengthening of faith, a needed component in surviving Satanic assaults throughout life!</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ5o1na4krtXjBj-6bXLZw3zB9S5h0eyj3_8dluZvu_0XK9__tOLuJdV72C7cDwQD3BEPIH_wAYvCFQMb_b-vaDRi7yNfbvOdVJ7-AMUqgVf7UZj9rl9hPulTxqve-K1Fl3YNFGdMmBYd3n9yGrPiNrr9YUrsTeCvZWyEC5DpiLpzjpH8R_8Qssxxc/s474/ayatul%20kursiyy%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="267" data-original-width="474" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJ5o1na4krtXjBj-6bXLZw3zB9S5h0eyj3_8dluZvu_0XK9__tOLuJdV72C7cDwQD3BEPIH_wAYvCFQMb_b-vaDRi7yNfbvOdVJ7-AMUqgVf7UZj9rl9hPulTxqve-K1Fl3YNFGdMmBYd3n9yGrPiNrr9YUrsTeCvZWyEC5DpiLpzjpH8R_8Qssxxc/s320/ayatul%20kursiyy%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Practical actions</b></p><p>The Qur'an has mentioned many practical areas in which Satan launches attacks. Indeed, in the list above, we can see that if we do the opposite of what Satan is depicted as encouraging, that goes a long way in creating protection. We have placed emphasis on good company, especially in the romantic realm, daily prayer, healthy distance from electronic distractions, exercise, abandoning un-wholesome music and entertainment. Other items, derived from the Quranic texts mentioned above, include public decency, regular acts of charity, building of faith in God, avoiding jealousy (both having it and being the object of it) and consistent reference to Allah in speech.</p><p><br /></p><p>Jealousy is a powerful emotion. It can also be dangerous, as universally recognized. The last two chapters of the Qur'an points out that whispers can feed jealousy, which is why it functions as a text of protection from this unpredictable feeling.</p><p><br /></p><p>I believe this is so important, that-atleast to avoid being the object of jealousy ( <i>hasad</i> in Quranic terminology), one should not flaunt one's blessings, especially to those without the same. This is the logic of the Prophet forbidding men from wearing gold and silk. Men are the traditional earners, in public spaces. Wearing such items invites hatred, crime and much more. </p><p>Similarly, I think it is important here to avoid sharing too much in public about personal or family business, even if it is positive. Flaunting wealth is also something which needs to be avoided.</p><p><br /></p><p>If one feels jealous, also recite chapters 113-114 of the Qur'an, say "<i>Maa-shaa Allah</i>" (<i>thus, as God has willed</i>) and remember what the Prophet has said. He -upon whom be peace- has stated that one should not look at the one above, but rather the one below. In other words, you have a blessing already, but you have to recognize it as such.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Footnotes</b></p><p><br /></p><p>(1) <i>The Book of Revelations </i>is the Last book in the<i> New Testament</i>. While the history of the text and author is disputed, the point was that Aquino self-identified with evil, as found in the Christian scripture. </p><p>(2) Certain terms within the text requires much discussion. Take, for example, <i>Sihr</i>. It is usually translated as "magic" but can have implications that have no relation to the occult (as popularly understood) such as <u>eloquence in speech</u> as well as <u>corruption</u>. Similarly, the text speaks of two beings, who taught methods to break up a married couple. The term can be read "two angels" (<i>malakayn</i>) or as "<i>malikayn</i>" (two kings). An aspect of this is whether or not they are simple similar to (but not precisely) one of the labels mentioned above, both of which have implications in understanding the text. In any case, the text presents a lesson, i.e. that no one experiences anything unless it is by the Divine will. The text which follows (Q 2:103) also states that faith and awareness (<i>attaqoo</i>, i.e.<i> taqwaa</i>) are better, meaning that these two items provide a sufficient protection from evil. It is perhaps these two which often get neglected in the powerful nations, thus, the reference to Solomon's kingdom and the Babylonian civilization.</p><p><br /></p><p>(3) For more information on the <i>Istikhaarah</i> prayer, see <a href="http://shamsuddinwaheed.blogspot.com/2022/06/reflections-on-istikhaarah-priorities.html">Shamsuddin Waheed: Reflections on Istikhaarah: the priorities of life</a> .</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-66518940268997711162022-08-03T15:02:00.002-07:002022-08-03T15:15:41.423-07:00IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH: REFLECTIONS ON "1984" BY GEORGE ORWELL<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLg_mLj5D5dtgOOaekI2Lq81TNpOQz_ssGevTeg-vzsYxz06O92Kfns5kAuvry2tNKUIT-9KhbPaBzaMjgTg_0HtiAmIPvjfem3pDa1T-BZ-r050YRalUD5I2C_4NXX42mAkrSMAZfs8Kq0SmSkHbK9AQ9k9yk1SYIqM94FWCLCv8s23A34BcXubrB/s995/1984-by-George-Orwell-SDL407750593-1-cbfcd.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="995" data-original-width="850" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLg_mLj5D5dtgOOaekI2Lq81TNpOQz_ssGevTeg-vzsYxz06O92Kfns5kAuvry2tNKUIT-9KhbPaBzaMjgTg_0HtiAmIPvjfem3pDa1T-BZ-r050YRalUD5I2C_4NXX42mAkrSMAZfs8Kq0SmSkHbK9AQ9k9yk1SYIqM94FWCLCv8s23A34BcXubrB/s320/1984-by-George-Orwell-SDL407750593-1-cbfcd.jpg" width="273" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Introduction</b></p><p>Since the dawn of humanity, there has been countless seers, men and women of insight with the capacity to address not only the present circumstances with a creative analysis, but who can actually observe the road into the future! Consequently, those observations can be repeatedly consulted, long after the seers have left the scene.</p><p><br /></p><p>George Orwell's <i>1984</i> is one such work. Published in 1944, against the backdrop of the rise of communism and towards the end of the second world war, the British writer (whose actual name was Eric Arthur Blain) has imagined a civilization which has, in many ways, has come into being.</p><p><br /></p><p>The general plot can be summarized as follows: A world of conformity to the image of <u>Big Brother</u>, the "common man" represented by <u>Winston Smith</u>, navigates his life in the fictional nation of <i>Oceania</i>, which, although at war with two other nations, focuses on the preservation of its power over its own citizens through what amounts to brainwashing, manipulation, xenophobia, and a host of other activities. The title of this review - IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH - is taken from one of the slogans expressed within the story.</p><p><br /></p><p>Eventually he begins to question the society's attitudes (albeit in secret, with little verbalization), and runs afoul of the authorities, is interrogated and tortured by "Mr. O'brien", who shares with him (Smith) a handful of insights that are designed to destroy any hopes of authentic change of the status quo.</p><p><br /></p><p>Reading this work afresh has led this writer to find frightening parallels in today's world, some of the more interesting examples are noted below</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Ministry of Truth</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrclrrcJYXVT8Ocpxj6qOH3I54FOtxOo2c815Ba8x4-zlnhvJfVbmnDKGfogiuAQg5CHwa8_XWgBh3JzdRYwmKIiCQSYBkPNXNrVvdho2bOKcBGDozG329G-oy9m3fl7DIdDhaeH_QNtJoKfVsQod5eawy13Ct7M_lO3zujuJHn_wJfLykvQUAIyr1/s342/ministry%20of%20truth%201984%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="342" height="168" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrclrrcJYXVT8Ocpxj6qOH3I54FOtxOo2c815Ba8x4-zlnhvJfVbmnDKGfogiuAQg5CHwa8_XWgBh3JzdRYwmKIiCQSYBkPNXNrVvdho2bOKcBGDozG329G-oy9m3fl7DIdDhaeH_QNtJoKfVsQod5eawy13Ct7M_lO3zujuJHn_wJfLykvQUAIyr1/s320/ministry%20of%20truth%201984%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>The ninety-second page of the 2003 edition (ft.1) shows that Oceania has a government body that has "concerned itself with news, entertainment, education and the fine arts" known as the Ministry of Truth. While it is universally expected that governments have entities which present their narrative, it is our observation that the current trend has gone beyond that. The current trend is to influence all of humanity to think and act in one fashion, and that message is conveyed through all available means. </p><p><br /></p><p>"Ministries of truth" exist throughout the world today, albeit with different names. They exist outside of government bodies as well. They exist on college campuses, high schools, social media platforms, and increasingly infiltrate religious communities. </p><p><br /></p><p>Generations that grow up in today's world are exposed to "values" and ideas that are quite contrary to those of the previous generation, and thus are expected to conform or be "cancelled". Careers are ruined, family relationships torn apart, religious values (and sometimes even texts) are altered in the name of being "woke"! </p><p>I have seen within mainstream media, from media organizations as well as politicians, lately, present historical untruths, and likewise the fear of even presenting a sound view on certain subjects, seemingly out of fears of political or financial consequences. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness</b></p><p>In a Western context, the rise of white nationalism, so called "Random" shootings that almost always target minorities (blacks, Asians, etc.), such occurrences no longer shock Americans. Orwell has spoken of xenophobia inspired by the government of Oceania (applicable in today's world) with the following words " A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill. torture, to smash faces with a sledgehammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against one's will into a grimacing, screaming lunatic." </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Thoughtcrime</b></p><p><br /></p><p>One of the many terms created in<i> 1984</i>, it imagines a world in which one's very thoughts are punishable by the authorities. Those thoughts can be simple normal grievances with local government, or even of a personal nature, yet they are harshly punished. </p><p>In the academic world this is perhaps more noticeable. A writer is careful in sharing conclusions, for fear of damage to one's career. In some nations, it is an actual crime to question the details of a specific historical event! </p><p>Increasingly, conformity to trends within society is demanded, upon threat of income loss. One's own values are made to take a back seat, regardless of how irrational or unreasonable the trend is. Some are "Doxed" by their foes. </p><p><br /></p><p>Freedom of thought, speech and faith are increasingly becoming things of the past, even within the nations that pride themselves on being bastions of liberty! </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Cleansing language</b></p><p>The Ministry of Truth has-in <i>1984</i>, produced dictionaries, which has removed terms which could be used to express dissent. One example in the book is the removal of the word "bad", replacing it with "ungood". </p><p>We see similar actions with what can be termed "politically correct" language within all aspects of public speech, literature, and even religious discourse. Recently I saw a public statement which, quoting Quranic scriptures, replaced "Him" with "Her".! The texts are in reference to God. (ft.2)</p><p><br /></p><p><b>No access to knowledge</b></p><p>In the <i>Oceania</i> of <i>1984</i>, the ministry of truth worked had the ability to remove perceived foe's information (names, accomplishments etc.) from records, making it as if they never existed. Executed prisoner were "dissolved", and the main protagonist (Smith) himself is a torture victim, made to think that a certain book and certain people in fact were simply creations of his own mind!</p><p><br /></p><p>While our world has seemingly access to plethora of knowledge like never before, it is our observation that actually the opposite has happened. Professionals are ignored and belittled, in the face of social media savvy amateurs! </p><p><br /></p><p>People can read much on their mobile phones yet find it almost impossible to retain that information! A fad of video- viewing (and short videos at that) has replaced studying from a book and taking notes.</p><p>While it is true that the learning process varies from one to another, our fear is that the electronic revolution will make it impossible for people to be able to develop critical thinking skills, let alone the information needed for other areas of life.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Conclusion</b></p><p>This article is by no means exhaustive, it is simply a handful of observations. 1984 is a work that deserves to be read, in particular by teachers, politicians, community leaders, parents and activists. It will generate thought on the dystopian world that will emerge in a complete fashion if we are not careful. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Footnotes</b></p><p>(1) The edition consulted (which also has<i> Animal Farm</i> by the same author) is the 2003 edition, published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (Boston, Ma).</p><p><br /></p><p>(2) The Quranic name for God is "Allah", and while the Qur'an certainly uses masculine pronouns, none have understood it to mean that God is actually male! Moreover, Arabic, like other languages, can use masculine or feminine pronouns and not imply natural gender at all. The Quranic texts I am referencing use "He" (<i>Huwa</i> in Arabic), and the author of the public statement changed it to "she" or "Her", deliberately, without any respect for the original language. The change was made in order to conform to a movement that seeks to address patriarchy by emphasis on feminism. My point is that in the Quranic and Arabic context, such a debate is totally unnecessary and utterly illogical.</p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-7591649630524171092022-07-29T21:06:00.002-07:002022-08-02T13:00:32.395-07:00The benefit of true worship (friday Khutbah) <p> (Note: the following is an edited version of our khutbah at Masjid Ibrahim, Las Vegas, Nevada. The opening words of praise for God have been omitted).</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Lessons from Ilyaas</b></p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an briefly tells us about a Prophet of God that is not often discussed, known as<i> Ilyaas</i> (Elijah), a messenger of God whose main audience was the Levantine region(ft.1). The Qur'an often presents prophets as conveying similar arguments, despite having variety in listeners. It tells us:</p><p><br /></p><p>" When he (Ilyaas) said to his people ' will you not have<i> taqwaa</i>? </p><p>Do you call upon <i>Ba'al</i> and abandon the best of creators?</p><p> (namely) Allah, your Lord and the Lord of your past ancestors?" (Q 37:124-126) </p><p><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" style="background-color: white; font-family: noorehuda; font-size: 34px; text-align: right;">اِذۡ قَالَ لِقَوۡمِہٖۤ اَلَا تَتَّقُوۡنَ</span></p><p><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" style="background-color: white; font-family: noorehuda; font-size: 34px; text-align: right;">اَتَدۡعُوۡنَ بَعۡلًا وَّتَذَرُوۡنَ اَحۡسَنَ الۡخَالِقِیۡنَ</span></p><p><span color="rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.87)" style="background-color: white; font-family: noorehuda; font-size: 34px; text-align: right;">اللّٰہَ رَبَّکُمۡ وَرَبَّ اٰبَآئِکُمُ الۡاَوَّلِیۡنَ</span></p><p>The first statement in this summary is that of <i>taqwaa</i>. It carries here the meaning of consciousness, awareness. It is not simply a verbal assertion. <i>Taqwaa</i> here conveys awareness of not only God, but his power, cognizant of other human beings as well as of the realities of this world. Notice that all the Quranic verses the Prophet Muhammad (<i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>) would recite in the wedding ceremony all express this meaning (Q 4:1, 3:102, 33:70-71). </p><p><br /></p><p>We can further understand or summarize the call to <i>Taqwaa </i>as expressed by Ilyaas (peace be upon him) (<i>al-laaa Tattaqoon</i>) as simply to be awake, to not fall asleep at the wheel, as there is much out there that makes us unfocused. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Why was Ba'al worshiped? </b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiuDRKOftdCdrWL4cJi_xwnjv0Wk4AFi-8bKCvWywRHtsLhFBYWzQg9TC3sn3eQWJxbnrNdlHiRdFObRc_KVLSUw1dkFl8-AZvg2jhDbfuKg2M62fVbCdkc9s_WXRh6Fc2JkJd2b7icYQVsgmZVLt05-HLaqHRWWgyIjHIuAXfuM49QNOYT4GnEJFd/s474/Ba'al%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="474" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiuDRKOftdCdrWL4cJi_xwnjv0Wk4AFi-8bKCvWywRHtsLhFBYWzQg9TC3sn3eQWJxbnrNdlHiRdFObRc_KVLSUw1dkFl8-AZvg2jhDbfuKg2M62fVbCdkc9s_WXRh6Fc2JkJd2b7icYQVsgmZVLt05-HLaqHRWWgyIjHIuAXfuM49QNOYT4GnEJFd/s320/Ba'al%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>Ilyaas was sent to a region in which worship of idols was common, the chief one being a 'god' of fertility, Ba'al. Indeed, there is a Lebanese city is called Baalbek because it was the site of an important shrine dedicated to Ba'al. </p><p>"Calling upon Ba'al" <i>(Tad'oona Ba'laan</i>) is certainly a form of worship, and Ilyaas ('<i>alayhis salaam</i>) was addressing this. . Globally, all sorts of historical figures, as well as mythical personalities were worshipped, be it the pre-Islamic idols of the Arabs such as<i> Al-laat</i>, <i>Al Manaat</i> and <i>Al 'U<u>zz</u>a</i>, or even former U.S. President Donald Trump in recent times (ft.2).</p><p><br /></p><p>These figures were "worshiped" because of some feeling of benefit, real or imagined, as well as a sense of cultural or loyalty to one's tradition. The Qur'an repeatedly speaks against conformity based upon such reasons. (ft.3). Moreover, the harm of idolatry, just as with many other items, outweighs any perceived benefits. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Allah: The only deserving of worship</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw5QXrlLfBJXOJcHlZZWqAGTJE7_Wvq9jcxnoMQQRtAGz0NcVMy4to9J6E96gJ99b_AO0_AAG6yn0BBk4tw86yxlyXyIwSnxvZensm2TDsNKGNmBu2XZeNfW1V0wxVOvuneiL5R5kpbVP_9tHZIikkGk1G6bJ8XWFBwhoU0endINMCYygozxHqKd-f/s180/Allah%20image%20for%20blog.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="180" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjw5QXrlLfBJXOJcHlZZWqAGTJE7_Wvq9jcxnoMQQRtAGz0NcVMy4to9J6E96gJ99b_AO0_AAG6yn0BBk4tw86yxlyXyIwSnxvZensm2TDsNKGNmBu2XZeNfW1V0wxVOvuneiL5R5kpbVP_9tHZIikkGk1G6bJ8XWFBwhoU0endINMCYygozxHqKd-f/s1600/Allah%20image%20for%20blog.jpg" width="180" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>Allah is the only one who is ever-living, omnipotent and omnipresent. Indeed, in one sentence recited in the sitting part of prayer, we say "I testify that none deserves worship except Allah, alone, without any partner" (<i>Ash-hadoo an Laa elaaha ill Allah, wahdadu Laa Shareeka Lah</i>.). If we accept these assertions as correct, there is no need then to worship any other than him. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Being awake</b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwCD4Xk6-Q4OdTsyEVpy1CR9GvjtIWOrxEoRhKuc38UyzpO3jwDGSLPk6n75XxUkhCIPIj6ExERxKZS-zgZrM8oI32mxwy8Tbs6oYVKdrIIKMdJJaop0w28dih-msorCR-7UE_JFI9aAQDVDLD9de_nytpK_OK2Lz1OLi92FX1UnUR6479PnF03jM-/s309/Universe%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="309" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwCD4Xk6-Q4OdTsyEVpy1CR9GvjtIWOrxEoRhKuc38UyzpO3jwDGSLPk6n75XxUkhCIPIj6ExERxKZS-zgZrM8oI32mxwy8Tbs6oYVKdrIIKMdJJaop0w28dih-msorCR-7UE_JFI9aAQDVDLD9de_nytpK_OK2Lz1OLi92FX1UnUR6479PnF03jM-/s1600/Universe%20image.jpg" width="309" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>I am reminded of a famous speech given by Malcolm X (Al Hajj Malik El Shabazz) (ft.4) speaking in his context, states "... This is what they do! They send drugs in Harlem down here to pacify us. They send alcohol down here to pacify us! They send prostitution down here to pacify us." </p><p><br /></p><p>His examples are relevant for our subject in that authentic <i>taqwaa</i> breeds awareness of not only the reality of God, but the realities around us, and presents a good foundation to understand how to interact with the realities around us. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Islam: a realistic faith </b></p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an has highlighted items such as gambling and intoxicants as not only harmful, but as distractions. If we are able to avoid the distractions, we can see the realities very clearly, and act accordingly. This requires the discipline, balanced, intelligent life that Islam asks us to live, as well as care as to what we let into our homes, phones, television screens, bodies, minds and hearts. </p><p><br /></p><p>Notice that Ilyaas refers to God as "The best of creators" (<i>Ahsaan al Khaaliqeen)</i>. The Qur'an also refers to God as "The wisest of judges" (<i>Ahkaam al Haakimeen</i>). This tells us that there are others who create, and others who judge, be they among humans or other creatures. However, they cannot be equated to God. Allah is above and beyond them all, and is the only deserving of worship. The Qur'an rightly states that "Nothing is comparable to him"(Q 42:11).</p><p><br /></p><p>Thus, it is necessary that we use Islam correctly, as the item which cleanses our hearts and minds, and rectifies our actions, provides protection from being manipulated.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Footnotes</b></p><p>(1) The Levant <i>(shaam</i> in arabic) refers to modern day Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Lebanon).</p><p>(2) An Indian national actually became famous for engaging in open Trump worship. See <a href="https://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=trump+worshiper+in+india&&view=detail&mid=788ED76D3504CCC094C5788ED76D3504CCC094C5&&FORM=VRDGAR&ru=%2Fvideos%2Fsearch%3Fq%3Dtrump%2Bworshiper%2Bin%2Bindia%26FORM%3DHDRSC3">Here </a></p><p>(3) See Qur'an 2:170, 31:21, 5:104, 105 and many other verses. </p><p>(4) Malcolm X (1924-1965) was the product of an oppressive and racist white America, who came to embrace Islam. His biographical details are well known, it is sufficient to say that awareness and discipline went a long way in informing his worldview and subsequent impact on the human race. While there are many detailed books on his life and the evolution of his worldview, the best one we recommend is his own autobiography <i>(The Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley</i>). </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-84801017183020385482022-06-16T15:35:00.001-07:002022-06-16T15:39:57.446-07:00Reflections on Istikhaarah: the priorities of life<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDJmzPYycKttoCt2rxK-uZ3da5LxX7jg42kC6AFEMrHO0FrdvV4zmTNaT-SyEFWHrc0rw8cvou195ITYXRcmTDp4Jh59rupKAuhdGZ_6YisYRS3VXhOZOrRK2YqfI-74HGgtOrc_3Ka0mpecMIslH8qdS2L_RENLG17wdzLrOFikKkEBQ-0M3a-Ju4/s1049/Istikhaarah%20dua%20image.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="799" data-original-width="1049" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDJmzPYycKttoCt2rxK-uZ3da5LxX7jg42kC6AFEMrHO0FrdvV4zmTNaT-SyEFWHrc0rw8cvou195ITYXRcmTDp4Jh59rupKAuhdGZ_6YisYRS3VXhOZOrRK2YqfI-74HGgtOrc_3Ka0mpecMIslH8qdS2L_RENLG17wdzLrOFikKkEBQ-0M3a-Ju4/s320/Istikhaarah%20dua%20image.png" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Muslims have a tradition that when facing options in which there is no clarity, to make the above supplication. As a ritual, the basic procedure is to offer a two-unit <i>(rak'ahs</i>) prayer and make the above supplication. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>A full examination of the <i>Isti<u>kh</u>aarah</i> rite </b> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><blockquote>The tradition is based on the following report " On the authority of Jaabir b.'Abdullah, <i>Radee Allahu 'anhu:</i> The Prophet (Muhammad) <i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i> would instruct us to pray for guidance in all of our concerns, just as he would teach us a chapter of the Qur'an! He, <i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam, </i>would say "if any of you intends to undertake a matter, let him pray two -units of voluntary prayer, and afterwards supplicate (the <i>isti<u>kh</u>aarah</i> supplication)."</blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">There are some interesting elements of the practice that are present in the above <i>hadee<u>th</u></i>, which are addressed below</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Pray for guidance in all concerns. </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> The Muslims are instructed to offer five daily prayers, give in charity, and fast as necessary elements in our attempts to be close to the Creator. The rite of offering two- unit salaah, in which <i>Soorah Al-Faatihah</i> (Ft.1) is recited, as well as the other normative worship texts (<i>Tasbeeh, Tahmeed, Ta<u>sh</u>a<u>hh</u>ud</i>, <i>Salaat 'alan nabi </i>etc) shows us that there is to be an attitude of submission, and acceptance to the Divine plan! We don't always know what that plan is, but we are expected to integrate ourselves to it.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><blockquote>The Qur'anic revelation states: " So, where will you go? It (Qur'an itself) is none except a reminder to all nations, for whosoever amongst you that wants to go straight, and you are not to will, except as Allah has willed, (he is) the caretaker of the universe." (Q 81:26-29)</blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>This supplication (<i>du'aa</i>) was taught just as the Qur'an was taught</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQzpRPx0uYppYZy0335wh-BA1PhZmFzuUUU8eBxm1ZFk1S2JH3gwGjWpaKN6RcaiIBJ5G2JaYyKMU5r-tEVZilECYzCfBvd5f8nVOGDstnMptVc_JCQMxXQLuxvzeRjgGG8D1LoNGZusKZesLcGQuOnz_mNZQyu0ttjiT8neEo-3mT2hrfGsHjDN8A/s2200/Quran%20being%20taught%20image.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1546" data-original-width="2200" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQzpRPx0uYppYZy0335wh-BA1PhZmFzuUUU8eBxm1ZFk1S2JH3gwGjWpaKN6RcaiIBJ5G2JaYyKMU5r-tEVZilECYzCfBvd5f8nVOGDstnMptVc_JCQMxXQLuxvzeRjgGG8D1LoNGZusKZesLcGQuOnz_mNZQyu0ttjiT8neEo-3mT2hrfGsHjDN8A/s320/Quran%20being%20taught%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">This is very telling. The Prophet Muhammad, upon whom be peace and blessings, made the teaching of this supplication a priority, in the same fashion that Quranic education was a priority! The Qur'an itself teaches that God hears all supplications (Q 2:186), while also asserting that He knows the contents of one's heart (Q 3:154, 5:7, 8:43, 67:13-14 and many other texts). </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">So, what is the purpose of reciting a specific supplication? Why recite a supplication at all, if God already knows what we are in need of in the first place? </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The answer is that the <i>Istikhaarah</i> supplication is done, primarily, as an act of worship <i>(ta'abudi</i>), and worship itself has a way of addressing one's concerns by its very nature. A person develops a closer tie to the Almighty through worship and supplication, the stronger that tie is, the weaker the particular problem will be, until that problem gets resolved.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Translation of the supplication</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><blockquote>O Allah, I seek your guidance by your knowledge. strength by your power, I ask from your magnificent bounty, you have power, while I don't have power. You know, and I do not know, and you are the full knower of the hidden (<i>'allaamal<u> Gh</u>uyoob</i>). </blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">O Allah, if you know this issue (and mention the issue) to be best for me in my faith <i>(deeni</i>), my life (<i>ma'aashi</i>), my ending (<i>'aaqibati amri</i>), then decree it for me, make it easy for me, then bless me in it.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div></blockquote><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><blockquote>And if you know this issue (<i>haa<u>dh</u>al Amr</i>) is harmful for me (<i><u>sh</u>arrun li</i>) in my faith, life and ending, then remove it from me and me from it, decree for me what is best (<i><u>kh</u>ayr</i>) wherever it is and make me satisfied with it." </blockquote></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>The supplication teaches bullet points of priorities</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">The supplication texts of both the Qur'an and Prophetic tradition serve as more than ritualized recitations, rather, they serve as items conveying lessons. In this case, after telling us repeatedly about the Divine power and knowledge, this<i> du'aa</i> teaches that what we are to look for, when trying to make a decision that has long term consequences, is if that issue for which we are indecisive, if it will be the vehicle for religious/spiritual growth, enhance one's worldly life/happiness, and be a source of peace when the end of life comes.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>What happens after <i>Isti<u>kh</u>aarah</i>?</b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">This can be followed up with seeking advice on the matter from trusted sources, as well as writing out a list of pros and cons on the matter. Ultimately, the supplicant has to live with their choices, but the supplication gives us core things to look for. Many people limit the <i>Isti<u>kh</u>aarah </i>supplication to marriage, however it can be offered when facing other choices as well, such as career, moving, business, etc. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Many depend on "a good feeling", intuitive understanding, afterwards, or seeking out a dream or a miracle as a sign from God in favor or against. While we cannot say for certain what Allah will do, we can be assured that the supplication helps us to make the decision on our own. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">After all, God has given us minds, hearts, arms and legs by which to make decisions and to be able to make those decisions come into reality.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Footnotes </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">(1)<i> Soorah Al-Faatihah</i>, the opening chapter of the Qur'an, is the necessary text for every unit of prayer. There is consensus (<i>Ijmaa</i>') on this. It is a text of both worship and supplication. </div><p></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-78595316722191992622022-05-04T16:53:00.001-07:002022-05-04T16:53:46.425-07:00Zakaat: Reflections on its application in the Western world<p><b>(1) </b> <b>Zakaat as inescapable religious obligation</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFt3kHLvKtTGDAVROBipL1JAcMCy2QYEg5o669-RsyEndc5XdOQCUzaULijUI-cfEFDFH_di1TEFexFEUUGzbWh80kQntikSaCYFfO3_pNn2-2FkZNQEy9rlA1PX_eFOswc-NN7kqyt0ls04uxROi6DR5lojwWgvQisTy1yHD0xTedQIH7cpbNO9__/s325/zakat%201%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="186" data-original-width="325" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFt3kHLvKtTGDAVROBipL1JAcMCy2QYEg5o669-RsyEndc5XdOQCUzaULijUI-cfEFDFH_di1TEFexFEUUGzbWh80kQntikSaCYFfO3_pNn2-2FkZNQEy9rlA1PX_eFOswc-NN7kqyt0ls04uxROi6DR5lojwWgvQisTy1yHD0xTedQIH7cpbNO9__/s320/zakat%201%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The payment of <i>Zakaat</i>, often rendered as " poor dues" certainly is a religious obligation. It is placed as among the five pillars of Islam. The reason for this is apparent only by glancing the opening pages of the Qur'an, which reads " A.L.M. This is the scripture, about which there is no doubt, a guide for those who possess<i> taqwaa, </i>who have faith in the Unseen realities, establish prayers, and spend out of what WE (i.e., God) has provided for them." (Q 2:1-3).</p><p><br /></p><p>Similarly, we have hundreds of places throughout the Qur'an which places the obligation of daily prayers alongside payment of <i>Zakaat.</i> Denial of its primary presence in Islam is deemed sufficient by many scholars as a rejection of the Islamic faith in totality, and a number of Quranic verses have expressed condemnation for those who do not pay it (Q 3:180, 41:6-7, 9:34-35 among others).</p><p><br /></p><p><b>(2) How is it usually paid?</b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrulWQfzqFxa-UdoNajS0GBS3SYgVnuSxPXgU3dNZmcIB3XJStjyDIzpZ5uPX3gIRiCUB5MXMJPWvnY43QG6mhoP-P5jRfwnt0A1uvx3M8XMDYqLQ4quwTMvVhlW92JFAZljy1RQaLfkNU9uM6Z2HWhkbUrSdStALSKdzwZt7PdCH42Rby1yvcgIKr/s291/zakat%202%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="180" data-original-width="291" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrulWQfzqFxa-UdoNajS0GBS3SYgVnuSxPXgU3dNZmcIB3XJStjyDIzpZ5uPX3gIRiCUB5MXMJPWvnY43QG6mhoP-P5jRfwnt0A1uvx3M8XMDYqLQ4quwTMvVhlW92JFAZljy1RQaLfkNU9uM6Z2HWhkbUrSdStALSKdzwZt7PdCH42Rby1yvcgIKr/s1600/zakat%202%20image.jpg" width="291" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>The schools of jurisprudence are in agreement that a minimum of 2.5 % of yearly wealth is to be given in <i>Zakaat</i>. Traditionally, most prefer to pay this in the month of Ramadan. This is different from the charity mandated by the Sunnah to be paid before the 'Eid prayers, which is known as <i>sadaqatul Fitr</i> or <i>Zakaatul Fitr.</i></p><p><br /></p><p><b>(3) To whom it is given?</b></p><p>In many Muslim countries, it is collected as a tax from one's pay, or deducted yearly from one's savings account. The government then distributes those funds to those it finds eligible. Still, other Muslim nations do not regulate or exercise control over<i> Zakaat</i> funds, leaving it to the discretion of individual believers or mosques/religious organizations.</p><p><br /></p><p>While there are small discussions as to who is eligible to receive it, the following texts provide the general recipient list:</p><p><br /></p><p></p><blockquote><p>" <span style="font-family: Georgia; text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia; text-align: justify;">Zakah expenditures are only for the poor and for the needy and for those employed to collect [zakah] and for bringing hearts together [for Islam] and for freeing captives [or slaves] and for those in debt and for the cause of Allah and for the [stranded] traveler - an obligation [imposed] by Allah. And Allah is Knowing and Wise." (Q 9:60<i> Saheeh International</i> translation)</span></p><p><span style="font-family: Georgia; text-align: justify;"> </span></p><p><span style="font-family: Georgia; text-align: justify;"> "It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces Towards east or West; but it is righteousness- to believe in Allah and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; <u>to spend of your substance, out of love for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves</u>; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular charity; to fulfil the contracts which ye have made; and to be firm and patient, in pain (or suffering) and adversity, and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, the Allah-fearing." ( Q 2:177 Yusuf Ali translation)</span></p></blockquote><p><span style="font-family: Georgia; text-align: justify;"></span></p><p><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">The inspiration to help others, as integrated into the Muslim faith and culture, has won praise from friend and foe alike. It has functioned as a live saving institution.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">There are a number of points raised in these two Quranic verses, insofar as their applicability in today's world, particularly in a Western context, which we will address in due course. We hope to show that the religion of Islam is indeed versatile, having the ingredients necessary to give concrete guidance that reflects our current realities. It is necessary to deal with the following questions.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><b>(4) Can Non -Muslims receive <i>zakaat</i> funds?</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Generally, the scholars assert that Non-Muslims are ineligible to receive<i> Zakaat</i>, but rather, the non obligatory, discretionary charity (<i>sadaqa</i>). This understanding makes sense in a context of supporting local needs first, a concept that is globally understood. After all, U.S. citizens pay taxes to the United States government, not to Canada.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">However, a literal and careful reading of the Qur'an does not specify a religious identity of recipients. Moreover, the term rendered as "bringing hearts together" (<i>Al-Mu'allaf al Quluubuhum</i>) above has been understood, even in the Prophet's time, as either giving funds to those who would be persecuted as a result of accepting the religion (who would otherwise not accept it because of those fears) or at least for generating good will within the non-Muslim community. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Thus, it is our view that any on the above list of zakat recipients are eligible, regardless of religious label.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><b>(5) Can Mosques and institutions receive <i>zakaat</i>? </b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">It is the view of the majority of scholars and schools of jurisprudence that Mosques and religious institutions are not eligible to receive<i> zakaat</i>. The Hanafi school is particularly vocal in these regards. (ft.#1)</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">This ruling makes sense in a Muslim world context, where the mosques are funded either by the government, rich individuals, or religious institutions.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">In the West, the mosques function as not only the places of worship, but of learning, government, social, political and propagation sites. Thus, it is our view that mosques and religious institutions are eligible to receive <i>zakaat.</i></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">This argument has a plethora of evidence, summarized as follows. (1) The Quranic verse 9:60 clearly states that those "employed to collect" are eligible to receive, and in a Western context it is the mosques who collect <i>zakaat </i>and distribute it to those individuals in need. (2) Q 2:195, among other verses, commands to "spend in the cause of Allah", which has been understood as struggle and even propagation. Mosques function as both centers of propagation and struggle to uphold Islamic values. (3) The Qur'an (Q 9:17) also commands the believers to maintain the mosques(ft.#2). In a Western environment, governments do not support places of worship, therefore the local Muslim community-out of necessity- should support the mosque they worship in financially.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><b>(6) Can charity of any kind be given to a mosque or religious organization not our own</b>?</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Both online and in person, we have seen this scenario, in both the Muslim world and the West. A real- life example, which I read on a fatwa website, can be summarized as follows: A Sunni gets a job in Iraq, being a majority Shiite country. He prays in the Shiite mosques, and encounters charitable organizations set up to support the poor, widows and orphans, people suffering as a result of the constant warfare Iraq has faced. The Sunni posits the question if it is legitimate to support those charitable organizations. The website responds that it is not legitimate, because they are Shiites, and it is not permissible to give strength to incorrect theology (<i>'Aqeedah</i>).</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Similarly, we have seen those who will pray in a mosque that does not necessarily subscribe to their particular understanding of the faith, they will frequent that mosque on a regular basis, yet proclaim it is forbidden to give financial support to that institution.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">We find this reasoning to be deeply flawed. Simple logic would dictate that if a place is good enough to pray in on a regular basis, and its facilities such as parking lot, restrooms and prayer halls are utilized, that even a token payment is necessary. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><b>(7) The emancipation of those help captive (<i>Ar Riqaab</i>)</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Both Quranic verses cited above in #3 uses the term <i>Riqaab</i>, referring to those who are slaves. Slavery no longer exists as a legally and socially recognized institution, so how should we understand this today? How can the Quranic assertion to free<i> Ar Riqaab</i> be applied in today's world?</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">It is our view that it is best applied to pay for education, for minor children as well as university students in nations where fees are prohibitive or where students end up in exploitative, ribaa based loan programs. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><b>(8) Who are the <i>Yataamaa</i> (sing.Yateem)?</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Obviously, this term is typically used to refer to children with no parents, i.e. orphans. It certainly has this application, yet in the West we find that there are -by and large- organizations created, both public and private, to take care of such children, there is the foster care system and adoptions available.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">While the pros and cons of these initiatives can be disputed, we are looking at the meaning of the term "<i>Yateem</i>", which also appears in Arabic, Urdu and Bahasa Melayu. In Arabic, the basic meaning is "one who is alone, without support".</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Therefore, it is our view that <i>Zakaat</i> should be given to adults and minors alike who find themselves, in the West, isolated, struggling both financially and spiritually, until more permanent solutions are found for such individuals.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><b>(9) When to pay<i> Zakaat</i>?</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Traditionally, the obligatory <i>zakaat</i> (called <i>Zakaat al maal</i>) was paid once a year, usually in the month of Ramadan. It is our view that a more efficient way to meet the obligation is to pay it more often. Those organizations, mosques and the like entrusted to distribute those funds would then be empowered to do much more in terms of supporting those in need within the community. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">The Qur'an gives us a clue when it says that the due is due on the day of harvest (Q 6:141). Therefore, it is our suggestion that 2 .5 percent be given, for example, on a monthly basis, via automatic deduction from one's bank account, in much the same way that the majority of our bills are now paid. Another idea could be to simply take the cash once a month, the first Friday of the month, to the mosque and pay it then. A reminder can be made in one's cell phone calendar to make such a payment. One could simply pay with cash or a check.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaxiZPvEcjGiuBbDde_Wr2hM4-LBNSfKRr2fFYr-_I_w0o9gcXsfe_DnPOV100OGLFzxmdwAKoFDB4zR5ycfhcyL6GMDf9EbYxIxSj8rSXkNaormTvDTVGQBV2ZkN5kNqm3B_VyN-Ph1g0vAN1D7yf9GJkuPtibQHBzA5Ci9DcqZU6gOmTCTlc5clH/s332/payday%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="175" data-original-width="332" height="169" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaxiZPvEcjGiuBbDde_Wr2hM4-LBNSfKRr2fFYr-_I_w0o9gcXsfe_DnPOV100OGLFzxmdwAKoFDB4zR5ycfhcyL6GMDf9EbYxIxSj8rSXkNaormTvDTVGQBV2ZkN5kNqm3B_VyN-Ph1g0vAN1D7yf9GJkuPtibQHBzA5Ci9DcqZU6gOmTCTlc5clH/s320/payday%20image.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">This is more efficient, even in small amounts, because it allows the mosque or organization to be able to rely on those funds, rather than a random occurrence. Islam promotes stability in all aspects of life and religious practice.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><b>(10) How to pay <i>Zakaat</i>?</b></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">The above deals with this question somewhat. The monthly suggestion is based off of the trend in today's financial culture, yet we are also aware of salaries usually being dispersed on a weekly or 15 day basis. There is also the self-employed, who may earn profit on a daily basis.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Applications (apps) are now widely available to help in calculating <i>zakaat</i> amounts. In addition, one need not pay it to an organization. If you know those who are struggling and fit the categories mentioned above, you can give directly to such persons. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">However one does it, it needs to be done, and done on a consistent basis.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"><br /></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>Footnote</b></p><p style="text-align: justify;">(1) In many mosques, including my own, funds meant for maintenance and those meant for the needy are kept separately, in keeping not only with Hanafi Fiqh but transparency as well. It is our argument above that <i>Zakaat</i> can be used for mosque maintenance as well. </p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify;">(2) On my first visit to Saudi Arabia I was struck by the fact that this Quranic text decorated most mosque entrances. Subsequent visits to the Kingdom have revealed that this is no longer the case, nonetheless it is a good reminder of our obligations, and perhaps should be adopted globally as a necessary text to decorate the mosques.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-60437669680290811.post-69532901283862558402022-04-15T18:34:00.002-07:002022-04-15T18:34:44.438-07:00Interfaith Interactions as a believing Muslim<p><b>Introduction</b></p><p><br /></p><p>For a number of years now, in addition to being active in Muslim community, I have also been involved in what is often called<u> the interfaith movement</u>. On the official level, this has involved attending events in places of worship other than those of my own religion, being an audience member at programs, ceremonies and panels, as well as a speaker in these programs. </p><p><br /></p><p>On an unofficial level, this has led to the cultivation of many sincere friendships, growth in knowledge and experiences, opening of doors which otherwise would be inaccessible, and a host of other benefits. The purpose of these few words is to address some of the concerns that from time to time are expressed by fellow Muslims, who, like others outside of the Muslim community, perceive a religious threat. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Motivations</b></p><p><br /></p><p>It is certainly the case that many enter into these activities with certain agendas in mind, and, like anything else, sincere intentions can be subjected to manipulation by others. My general motivations are summarized as follows (a) Improving my own knowledge of other faith traditions and perceptions on mutual topics of interest. (b) Presenting a Muslim voice, perspective in arenas wherein we would typically be absent. (c) Working with others to address shared social needs. </p><p><br /></p><p>The interfaith circles are ideal for the three items mentioned above. We cannot control the actions, beliefs or intentions of others, even within the shared (Islamic) religious space. We can only do our own part, in accordance with our own conscious. The Qur'an says simply "For us is our actions, and for you your actions" (Q 2:139 et al)<br /></p><p><br /></p><p><b>Towards understanding realities</b></p><p>The Islamic faith has been consistent in telling its followers to be diligent in acquiring information. The Prophet Muhammad (<i>Sall Allahu 'alayhi wa sallam</i>) has remarked that seeking knowledge is an obligation <i>(fareedah</i>) upon every Muslim. The Qur'an itself (Q 49:13) asserts that one of the reasons that God has created different racial and tribal groups is that they "get to know" one another. This refers to the enrichment process generated by observing and appreciating the differences as well as commonalities.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an clearly advocates both travel and the study of the universe, history and the like (Q 6:11, 41:53, etc.). This process extends a bit further insofar as interactions with those outside of traditional comfort zones.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Having a presence</b></p><p><br /></p><p>Despite the historical, economic and social importance of Muslims on a global scale, we have little to no representation in arenas such as media, politics, and society. Moreover, it is often the case that when there is representation there is a great deal of disservice because of lack of qualifications, language barriers and the like. </p><p><br /></p><p>If we don't speak for ourselves, share our beliefs and perceptions, others will, and this will cause a huge amount of disservice to the community.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Can we work with non-Muslims?</b></p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an allows marriage and social relations with Non-Muslims (Q 5:5) and advocates that we be just with them (Q 60:7-9) as a general principle. If we are allowed those, certainly we are allowed to work with them in areas of mutual interest.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) himself in an early part of his life (before <i>nabuwwah</i>) had worked with others in a collective effort to address poverty, known as <i>Hulful Fudool</i>. In Madinah, where he had some measure of political (and moral) authority, he made treaties of defense with both Jewish and pagan forces. The Makkan opposition violated the treaty of <i>Hudaybiyah</i> by attacking non-Muslim forces allied with the Prophet. The Muslims responded to this with a march on Makkah, leading to its peaceful surrender.</p><p><br /></p><p>Issues of food and housing deprivation, social justice, economic disparities, are very common in our society, and faith-based communities have always been expected to pick up the slack when government initiatives and organizations fail. Thus, it is only common sense that religious communities have levels of cooperation to address these shared social problems.</p><p><br /></p><p>The Qur'an has praised the "steep path" of delivering emancipation to those held on bondage, feeding the poor, and supporting those who are isolated and unable to help themselves (Q 90:11-18). </p><p><br /></p><p>Similarly, the Qur'an has told us directly to compete in being beneficial, that God will be the one to bring us together (Q 2:148). It even says that in terms of religious disputes that Allah will address those clearly on the day of Judgement (Q 45:17). </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR8AAXWGaBcintJIrNrbv-ruy7uG5NlS3KQBxOAcsWM1qINsX6_R8LQPbMqCUR0-ofl7EiYKCgU4zKiQiSuE5PC4Hu9Ejb-h2RCyhanTo7Ur6zz-jnrSBAYRhc5_vfPomcp7OgRLDt7sJdb1gja6ZVrLm5EMO0BA_DwRyPufvzBuQuN4uPiZB3wVNk/s600/shaikh%20ahmed%20el%20tayeb%20with%20pope%20francis.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="392" data-original-width="600" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR8AAXWGaBcintJIrNrbv-ruy7uG5NlS3KQBxOAcsWM1qINsX6_R8LQPbMqCUR0-ofl7EiYKCgU4zKiQiSuE5PC4Hu9Ejb-h2RCyhanTo7Ur6zz-jnrSBAYRhc5_vfPomcp7OgRLDt7sJdb1gja6ZVrLm5EMO0BA_DwRyPufvzBuQuN4uPiZB3wVNk/s320/shaikh%20ahmed%20el%20tayeb%20with%20pope%20francis.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">(Grand Imam of Al Azhar Shaikh Ahmed El-Tayeb meets with Pope Francis)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQu6qEL6Qkzlqaab2J5hYw1lek1jN9e8wvAUYAWjZJyji0RzpDs3P6tYhg3WzNg4NaL20D1grbqk6yNalV6KusT6FlegDY1Vqf0IGKuABBtKezlB4Pt2_J8SKi1TsFjTTChxMbFvaazi8a-San2yBx33AZhkmlet6rNPVcS_cYfGdRdLR9Ofbbaut/s212/IWDM%20and%20pope%20Paul%20john%202.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="183" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfQu6qEL6Qkzlqaab2J5hYw1lek1jN9e8wvAUYAWjZJyji0RzpDs3P6tYhg3WzNg4NaL20D1grbqk6yNalV6KusT6FlegDY1Vqf0IGKuABBtKezlB4Pt2_J8SKi1TsFjTTChxMbFvaazi8a-San2yBx33AZhkmlet6rNPVcS_cYfGdRdLR9Ofbbaut/s1600/IWDM%20and%20pope%20Paul%20john%202.jpg" width="183" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">(Pope Paul John II meets with Imam W.Deen Mohammed)</div><br /><p><br /></p><p><b>Does such work contradict religious truth claims? </b></p><p><b><br /></b></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Z8wdUJsmeN-_45l9mWHZVzEetgiao85njKqCalc-utLTr7o8Uiur2q51zQ2859yTPEME1d33tMRUQ-82x9-RRK5tw6aOHw_5ev8Bs_9-DYrf0KJIbhvneDKISrtnkak9Klpu4huP72th1tW8GTybIKMVk2VaMaLchINLjMxKlOO4vNPbG5qxrWpF/s187/multifaith%20image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="187" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9Z8wdUJsmeN-_45l9mWHZVzEetgiao85njKqCalc-utLTr7o8Uiur2q51zQ2859yTPEME1d33tMRUQ-82x9-RRK5tw6aOHw_5ev8Bs_9-DYrf0KJIbhvneDKISrtnkak9Klpu4huP72th1tW8GTybIKMVk2VaMaLchINLjMxKlOO4vNPbG5qxrWpF/s1600/multifaith%20image.jpg" width="187" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b><p></p><p>While it is understandable that many would feel that involvement in such work dilutes faith, I actually see it as helping to increase my faith in the essential truths of Islam. It helps in understanding the views of others and the logic of certain principles/teachings found within Islam.</p><p><br /></p><p>For religious and political leadership, I think such work is vital, if for no other reason than learning and interacting with the leaders and scholars of other faiths, which forces us to learn correct information on their perspectives, as well as them learning ours. </p><p><br /></p><p><b>Entering a house of worship outside of your own tradition</b></p><p>For Muslims, I don't see any strong evidence that this is prohibited. It is certainly inappropriate for Muslims to participate in religious rites which contradict the very core of our faith, but in terms of attending other houses of worship, be it for social or other occasions, there is no text which prohibits this.</p><p><br /></p><p>Some Christian based movements have this sort of thinking, such as the <i>Jehovah Witnesses</i>. Their faith forbids entering into places of worship other than their own sites (called <u>Kingdom Halls</u>) and are deeply against any sort of work with those outside of their ranks. </p><p><br /></p><p>Such attitudes, while perhaps regrettable, have to be respected. Indeed, interfaith dialogues are not for everybody. We all have our comfort zones and perspectives on matters of faith and life, and compulsion should never even be considered in these regards.</p><p>As a Muslim, I am comfortable in such work, for the reasons that have been articulated above, and I pray to be an agent of positive change and education.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><br /><p></p>Shamsuddin Waheedhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04457661333236229563noreply@blogger.com0